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Flashcards

GCSE PE Key Terms

James Reid GCSE PE Year 10 English 62 cards

Cards in this deck (62)

  1. 1FitnessThe ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment.
  2. 2HealthA state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, ill health refers to being in a state or poor physical, mental and/or social well-being.
  3. 3Mental Health and Well-BeingA state of well-being in which every individual realises his/her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community. It works in conjunction with physical and social health.
  4. 4ObeseA term used to describe people with a large fat content, caused by an imbalance of calories consumed to energy expenditure. A body mass index (BMI) of over 30 or over 20% above standard weight for height ratio.
  5. 5Physical Health and Well-BeingAll body systems working well, free from illness and injury. Ability to carry out everyday tasks. It works in conjunction with social and mental health.
  6. 6Sedentary LifestyleA lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity.
  7. 7Social Health and Well-BeingBasic human needs are being met (food, shelter and clothing). The individual has friendship and support, some value in society, is socially active and has little stress in social circumstances. It works in conjunction with physical and mental health.
  8. 8Well- beingInvolves physical, mental and social well-being. The dynamic process that gives people a sense of being comfortable, healthy or happy.
  9. 9HydrationHaving enough water to enable normal functioning of the body.
  10. 10DehydrationExcessive loss of body water interrupting function of the body.
  11. 11RehydrationConsuming water to resume hydration.
  12. 12CalorieA unit which measures heat or energy production in body, normally expressed as Kcal.
  13. 13SamatotypeA method of classifying body types. There are three samatotypes: ectomorph, endomorph and mesomorph.
  14. 14EctomorphA samatotype characterised by being tall and thin, with narrow shoulders and narrow hips.
  15. 15MesomorphA samatotype characterised by muscular appearance, wide shoulders and narrow hips.
  16. 16EndomorphA samatotype characterised by a pear-shaped body and a tendency towards fatness. Endomorphs have wide hips and narrow shoulders.
  17. 17Balanced dietEating a diet that contains the right quantity of food so that you consume only as many calories as you expend each day; and the right mix of different food types so the body receives all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals it needs.
  18. 18NutritionThe intake of food, considered in relation to the body's dietary needs. Good nutrition is an adequate, well balanced diet, combined with regular physical activity.
  19. 19ExtensionIncrease in the angle of bones at a joint.
  20. 20FlexionDecrease in the angle of bones at a joint.
  21. 21RotationA circular movement around a joint.
  22. 22DorsiflexionDecreasing the angle at the ankle joint (flexing the foot upwards).
  23. 23PlantarflexionIncreasing the angle at the ankle joint (pointing the toes).
  24. 24AbductionMovement of bone or limb away from the mid line of the body.
  25. 25AdductionMovement of bone or limb towards the mid line of the body.
  26. 26Musculoskeletal systemThe name used to describe the muscular system and the skeletal system working together.
  27. 27Articulating bonesWhere two or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint.
  28. 28Function of long bonesActs as a lever for large (gross) movements.
  29. 29Function of short bonesGives strength and enables finer, controlled movements.
  30. 30Function of irregular bonesFor protection.
  31. 31Function of flat bonesLarge surface area for muscle attachment and protection of vital organs.
  32. 32Antagonistic pairs: Biceps and tricepsFlexion and extension at the elbow
  33. 33Antagonistic pairs: Hip flexors and glutealsFlexion and extension at the hip.
  34. 34Antagonistic pairs: Hamstrings and quadracepsFlexion and extension at the hip.
  35. 35Antagonistic pairs: Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemiusDorsi-flexion and plantar flexion at ankle.
  36. 36Muscles can only.. and not..Pull, push
  37. 37Antagonistic pairs (2)All muscles work in pairs.
    One muscle pulls whilst the other relaxes.
  38. 38Prime mover/agonistMuscle that contracts to start a movement.
  39. 39AntagonistMuscle that relaxes to allow movement to take place.
  40. 40OriginThe end of the muscle attached to the fixed bone.
  41. 41Isotonic contractionA muscle contracting to create movement.
  42. 42Concentric isotonic contractionWhere the muscle shortens as the fibres contract.
  43. 43Eccentric isotonic contractionWhere the fibres contract as the muscle lengthens.
  44. 44Isometric contractionWhen a muscle contracts with no resulting movement.
  45. 45Planes and axis grid (get paper)Look in folder
  46. 46Mechanical advantage =Effort arm / Load arm
  47. 47Levers grid (Letters/numbers) 1st step123
    FLE
  48. 48MA > 1 (2)High mechanical advantage.
    These levers can move large loads with little effort.
  49. 49MA < 1 (2)Low mechanical advantage.
    These levers can increase the distance covered and, therefore, the speed at the end of the lever arm.
  50. 50Inspiratory reserve volume.The amount of air that can be inspired (above tidal volume) during a deep breath in.
  51. 51Tidal volume (2)The amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled in one breath.
    The average is 500ml.
  52. 52Expiratory reserve volume.The amount of air that can be expired (above tidal volume) during a forceful breath out.
  53. 53Residual volumeThe amount of air left in the lungs following maximal expiration.
  54. 54Inspiration during exercise (2)Assisted by contraction of the pectoral and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
    Further increases size of the chest cavity = more air into lungs.
  55. 55Expiration during exercise (3)Assisted by contraction of abdominal muscles.
    Helps to force air out of lungs.
    Speeds up expiration.
  56. 56Factors helping diffusion of alveoli (4)Large surface area for gaseous exchange.
    Surface of alveoli and capillary walls are thin and moist, helping gaseous exchange.
    Alveoli and capillaries are touching, short diffusion pathway.
    Alveoli surrounded by capillaries, rich supply of blood for gaseous exchange.
  57. 57Role of haemoglobin (4)Red pigment found in red blood cells.
    Oxygen combines with haemoglobin and forms oxyhaemoglobin.
    Red blood cells then transport the oxygen around the body.
    Haemoglobin also transports carbon dioxide from the body, back to the lungs.
  58. 58Gaseous exchange (4)Oxygen and carbon dioxide gasses always move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
    Diffusion occurs between the alveoli and capillaries.
    Breathed in air has a high concentration of oxygen and therefore will diffuse into the capillaries which has a lower concentration because the blood is returning back from the muscles.
    This blood also has a high concentration of carbon dioxide and will therefore be diffused into the alveoli to be breathed out.
  59. 59TendonsVery strong, non-elastic chords joining muscle to bone.
  60. 60CartlidgeTough, flexible tissue acting as a buffer between bones at joints.
  61. 61LigamentsBands of fibre attached to the bones that link the joints - help keep the joint stable.
  62. 62Easy mechanical advantage ruleThe closer the fulcrum is to the load, the easier it is to lift.

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Year 10 GCSE PE (Topics) Flashcards on GCSE PE Key Terms , created by James Reid on 09/10/2016.
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James Reid
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