6674060
Description
Flashcards by Isaac Sanchez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Isaac Sanchez
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Rock Cycle | Links all variety of rocks together 1) Igneous Rocks 2) Sedimentary Rocks 3) Metamorphic Rocks |
| Igneous Rock Cycle | Came from the ground and started off as liquid. "Then they came up and were either placed within the ground or came to the surface as a volcano." |
| Sedimentary Rock Cycle | The process of Igneous Rock erosion. Little pieces are broken down, and get carried away (via water), and are deposited elsewhere. Then they are lithified into a rock. |
| Lithification | To transform sediment into stone. |
| Metamorphic Rock Cycle | Sedimentary Rocks are buried to a certain depth, then their mineral chemistry changes once pressure and heat is applied. If the Metamorphic rock is melted, the cycle begins again starting at Igneous. |
| Plutonic (Texture Type) | These rocks formed from liquid underground which cooled very slowly. It is because of this slow cooling, that the minerals were allowed to grow very big. We call it PHANERITIC instead. |
| Volcanic (Texture Type) | When the liquid comes from the volcano (above the surface), it cools quicker. This produces glass-like rocks or small grained ones. We call them APHANITIC (fine-grained crystals), and PORPHYRITIC (visible crystals). |
| Pegmatitic Rock | Textures have huge mineral grains in a single rock. They were cooled with a lot of water which helped mineral growth. |
| Series of Volcanic Textures | Mostly glass because the liquid did not have a chance to crystallize at all. |
| Obsidian | Volcanic glass; usually black or brown and has a fracture surface which looks like a piece of broken glass. AKA: CONCHOIDAL FRACTURE |
| Pumice | When gasses escape from the liquid volcanic rock, it creates a "bubbling" texture. It can even float on water, usually grey, or red. |
| Vesicles | Similar to Pumices, however the holes in the rock travel like worm tunnels. Water can carry minerals through these holes and fill them to form AMYGDULES (filled vesicles). |
| Pyroclastic Rocks | Clastic= Sedimentary rocks, and Pyro= fire. Ash from the volcano layers itself to create what is called Tuff. However, when the tuff is produced by ashes it is refered to Ash-Flow, or Ash-Fall Tuff. This depends whether the ash flowed down the volcano, or if it dropped from an altitude. |
| Felsic (Grouped Light-Colored Rocks) | Color: Light Chemical Compound: Feldspar + Silica (Quartz) |
| Mafic (Grouped Dark-Colored Rocks) | Color: Dark Chemical Compound: Magnesium (Ma) + Iron (Fe) |
| Intermediate (Grouped Middle-Colored Rocks) | Color: In-between Light and Dark. |
| Ultramafic | Color: Lighter than Mafic Chemical Compound: No Quartz or Feldspar |
| Volcanic v.s. Plutonic |
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