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Flashcards

Eye

Adriana Morales PD Module 1 English 89 cards

Eye

Cards in this deck (89)

  1. 1What are common complaints or concerns?Pain
    Redness
    Discharge
    Photophobia
    Foreign body
    Visual disturbances
  2. 2How do you test for visual acuity?Pick a chart (Snellen or Rosenbaum). Test with and without corrective lenses. Cover one eye. Smallest line read with >50% accuracy.
  3. 3What is the top number in visual acuity mean?Distance between patient and chart
  4. 4What does the bottom number in visual acuity mean?Distance at which a normal eye can read letters
  5. 5What is the visual acuity for legal blindness?20/200
  6. 6OS - oculus sinisterleft eye
  7. 7OD - oculus dexterright eye
  8. 8OU - oculus uterqueboth eyes
  9. 9During pinhole testing, what does improvement of vision mean?Implies a functional problem (ex: refractive error)
  10. 10During pinhole testing, what does a lack of improvement in vision mean?Implies a structural problem (ex: optic nerve damage)
  11. 11MyopiaNearsightedness - difficulty seeing far away
  12. 12HyperopiaFarsightedness - difficulty seeing close up
  13. 13Presbyopiainability to focus on near objects (aging vision)
  14. 14Diplopiadouble vision
  15. 15Scotomasblind spot in visual field
  16. 16Photophobiapain with vision/light
  17. 17Give an example of confrontation testing of visual fields.static finger wiggle test. Put them one up high and one low on either side of pt.
  18. 18—Bitemporal HemianopsiaBitemporal Hemianopsia
  19. 19—Homonymous HemianopsiaHomonymous Hemianopsia
  20. 20Homonymous Hemianopsiathe loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes
  21. 21Bitemporal Hemianopsialoss of vision in the outer (temporal or lateral) half of both the right and left visual fields
  22. 22Exophthalmosprotruding of eyeball
  23. 23Enophthalmosrecession of eyeball
  24. 24PtosisDropping of the upper eyelid. Interruption of CN III nerve supply.
  25. 25BlepharitisInflammation of lid margin with redness, thickening and scales of crust
  26. 26XanthelasmaCholesterol deposits
  27. 27—BlepharitisBlepharitis
  28. 28—XanthelasmaXanthelasma
  29. 29—ExophthalmosExophthalmos
  30. 30—PtosisPtosis
  31. 31EntropionLid droops inward, lower lash may irritate conjunctiva and cornea
  32. 32EctropionLid droops outward exposing palpebral conjunctiva - when punctum gets blocked it causes poor drainage and tearing
  33. 33—EntropionEntropion
  34. 34—EctropionEctropion
  35. 35ChalazionBeady nodule inside the eyelid due to a blocked sebaceous gland
  36. 36HordeolumSty - painful, tender infection around hair follicle lid margin
  37. 37—ChalazionChalazion
  38. 38—HordeolumHordeolum
  39. 39DacrocystitisInflammation of the lacrimal sac (painful, red and tender)
  40. 40—DacrocystitisDacrocystitis
  41. 41—Scleral Icterus (jaundice in eye)Scleral Icterus (jaundice in eye)
  42. 42—PterygiumPterygium
  43. 43—Subconjunctival HemorrhageSubconjunctival Hemorrhage
  44. 44PterygiumA triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea (usually from the nasal side)
  45. 45ConjunctivitisDiffuse dilatation of conjunctival vessels with redness that tends to be maximal peripherally. Can be viral, allergic, bacterial.
  46. 46StrabismusA deviation of the eyes from the normally conjugate position
  47. 47NystagmusFine, rhythmic oscillations of the eyes, normal for a few beats seen at terminal range of eye movement. Sustained indicates neurological condition. Lid lag can indicate hyperthyroidism
  48. 48Miosisconstriction of the pupils
  49. 49Mydriasisdilation of pupils
  50. 50AnisocoriaUnequal pupils
  51. 51AccommodationAbility of pupils to constrict when focus shifts from distance to close object
  52. 52ConvergenceAbility of eyes to move toward the nose symmetrically when following an object moving toward them.
  53. 53PERRLAPupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation
  54. 54What muscle moves the eyes to the left and right?Lateral Rectus & Medical Rectus
  55. 55What muscle moves the eye up and down?Superior Rectus and Inferior Rectus
  56. 56Name the 6 cardinal gazes1. Medial Rectus
    2. Lateral Rectus
    3. Superior Rectus
    4. Inferior Rectus
    5. Superior Oblique
    6. Inferior Oblique
  57. 57What is the nerve innervation of lateral rectus?Abducens nerve (CN VI)
  58. 58What is the nerve innervation of superior oblique?Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
  59. 59What is the nerve innervation for the majority of the ocular muscles?Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
  60. 60FundusPosterior aspect of the eye seen through the ophthalmoscope
  61. 61Retinavisual screen and inner layer of the eye
  62. 62What does the optic disc contain?optic nerve (CN II), retinal vein and arteries
  63. 63FoveaA small depression in the retinal surface where largest concentration of cones are contained therefore the central point of vision
  64. 64Maculayellow oval around the fovea - acts as a natural blocker of UV light and sunblock for the fovea
  65. 65Physiologic cupdepression in the optic disc
  66. 66What is the red reflex?During a fundoscopic exam, it is the light reflecting off the retina. (absence of red reflex can mean cataracts or vitreous hemorrhage)
  67. 67What are the two types of glaucoma?1. open angle glaucoma (2nd leading cause of blindness in Americans)
    2. acute closed angle glaucoma
  68. 68A-V taperingThe vein appears to taper down on either side of the artery.
  69. 69A-V nickingvein abruptly stops on either side of the artery
  70. 70—A-V taperingA-V tapering
  71. 71—A-V nickingA-V nicking
  72. 72—Cotton-wool patchesCotton-wool patches
  73. 73—Retinal DetachmentRetinal Detachment
  74. 74What is a sit lamp examination and what does it examine?Magnifying device to examine anterior portion of the eye.
    - cornea
    - anterior chamber
    - iris
    - lens
  75. 75Conjunctivaclear membrane covering the eye and the underside of the eyelids
  76. 76—ScleritisScleritis
  77. 77Nuclear Cataractlooks gray when seen by a flashflight
  78. 78Peripheral cataractProduces spokelike shadows that point gray against black, as seen with a flashlight, or black against red with an ophthalmoscope
  79. 79Arcus senilisRing around the iris. Common in elderly, From cholesterol deposits, may indicate hyperlipidemia.
  80. 80—Arcus SenilisArcus Senilis
  81. 81—Peripheral CataractPeripheral Cataract
  82. 82—Nuclear CataractNuclear Cataract
  83. 83Angle Closure Glaucomaa sudden elevation in intraocular pressure that occurs when the iris blocks the eye's drainage channel—the trabecular meshwork
  84. 84Extraocular MovementsTesting the function of each ocular muscle and the cranial nerve that supplies it by asking the patient to move the eye in the direction controlled by that muscle (H)
  85. 85Consensual reactionpupillary constriction in the opposite eye
  86. 86What does the swinging flashlight test examine for?Used to test for impairment of optic nerves II and III
  87. 87How do pupils constrict?Reflex arc is initiated by reaction to light: CN2 (afferent) and CN3 (efferent)
    CN3: parasympathetic innervation, pupil constricts
    Sympathetic: dilate
  88. 88Name possible retinopathies for diabeticsHard exudates
    Cotton wool patches
    Deep hemorrhages
  89. 89Name possible retinopathies for hypertensivesAV tapering, nicking, banking
    Copper wiring
    Hard exudates
    Papilledema

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Description
PD Module 1 Flashcards on Eye, created by Adriana Morales on 22/10/2016.
Created by
Adriana Morales
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  • Created by Chelsea Cheeley · Oct 16, 2016
  • Copied by Adriana Morales · Oct 22, 2016
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