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Enterobac & Pseudo. Aerug.

Christina Phan Microbiology English 58 cards

Enterobac & Pseudo. Aerug.

Cards in this deck (58)

  1. 1Enterobact. - Properties & Physical Characteristics-- facultative
    - gram (-) rods (single or paired cells)
    - ferments glucose
    - oxidase (-)
    - reduces nitrates
    - peritrichous flagella (when motile)
  2. 2Enterobact. Habitat/ReservoirIntestinal Tract of Humans & Animals
    - Normal Flora (ferment lactose)
    - GI tract opportunistic pathogen
    (do not ferment lactose)
    Natural Environment:
    - EVERYWHERE
  3. 3How to differentiate between Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Proteusbiochemical tests:
    - lactose fermentation
    - urea hydrolysis
    - DNA homology/rRNA
    serological/antigenic markers:
    - H antigen: flagella
    - K antigen: capsular polysaccharide
    -O antigen: repeating LPS polysaccharide
  4. 4Though COLIFORM GROUP (lactase +) PMP GROUP (lactase -) are normal flora of GI tract, what happens when they leave GI tract?become opportunistic pathogens, & can cause disease:
    W S U P
    W-ound infections
    S- septicemia
    U-TIs
    P-neumonia
    ** Coliform and PMP Group are very frequent cause of nosocomial infections**
  5. 5E. coli Characteristics- lactose (+)
    (shown as metallic green sheen on EMB agar)
    - ubiquitous in human GI tract
    - indicator microbe for fecal contamination of water
  6. 6What are the type of E.coli infections INSIDE GI tract?GASTROENTEROCOLITIS "specialized strains"
    - ETEC (Traveler's Diarrhea)
    - EHEC/STEC (Shiga Toxin-producing E.coli)
    (more serious, causes ) O:157:H7 HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)
  7. 7What type of infections does E.coli cause OUTSIDE GI tract?W S U N
    -all major causes except wound infections-
    - Wound infections - post operative
    - Septicemia (neonatal septicemia + meningitis) (MAJOR)
    - UTIs (MAJOR)
    - Nosocomial infections (MAJOR)
  8. 8ETECTraveler's Diarrhea
    specialized E.coli strain produced INSIDE GI tract
  9. 9EHEC/STECShiga Toxin E.coli
    - specialized strain of E.coli INSIDE GI tract
    -SERIOUS
    - causes 0157:H7 HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)
  10. 100157:H7 HUSHemolytic Uremic Syndrome
    - infection caused by STEC (Shiga Toxin E.coli) inside GI tract
  11. 11COLIFORM GROUP Klebsiella Pneumoniae Characteristics- lactose (+)
    - large polysaccharide capsule
    Found in:
    - human intestinal tract
    - respiratory tract
    - natural environment
    cause small percent of:
    - bacterial pneumonias (in those w. alcoholism, diabetes, or bronchopulmonary disease)
    - nosocomial infections (W S U P E)
    * Wound infections (post operative)
    * Septicemia
    *UTIs
    *Pneumonia
    *Endocarditis
    - frequently antibiotic resistant (extended spectrum B-lactamases)
  12. 12PMP Group: Serratia marcescens Characteristics- facultative
    - gram (-) rod
    - lactose (-)
    - red pigmented colonies @ room temp.
    Diseases: W S U N
    - Wound infections
    - Septicemia
    - UTIs
    - Nosocomial infection
  13. 13PMP Group: Proteus species Characteristics- facultative
    - gram (-) rod
    - lactose (-)
    - urease (+)
    - swarming motility
    Diseases: W U N
    W-ound infections
    U-TI (urinary stones)
    N- nosocomial infections
    *proteus mirabilis causes most infections*
  14. 14PMP Group: Proteus Species: Proteus mirabiliscauses most infections in Proteus species
  15. 15What infections are caused by gram (-) enteric rods? S U N1) septicemia
    2) UTIs
    3) nosocomial bacterial infections
  16. 16gram (-) rod infections: Most nosocomial infections are caused by which bacteria? What are 30-35% of nosocomial infections associated with?- 50% caused by coliforms (mostly E.coli)
    - 30-35% of nosocomial infections caused by UTI catheters
  17. 17gram (-) rod infections: UTIs What are the 2 types of UTIs caused by E.coli? Which bacteria cause UTIs?E. coli:
    80% of CA-UTIs
    50% of nosocomial UTIs
    Coliform and PMP group:
    Klebisella
    Proteus
    Serratia & coagulase (-) staph & enterococci
  18. 18gram (-) rod infections: cause what percent of septicemias & septic shock deaths?45% of septicemias & septic shock deaths due to Gram-negative enteric rods
    (E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia)
  19. 19Compare: septic shock vs. toxic shockCompare: septic shock vs. toxic shock
  20. 20What is shock caused by bacteria in blood?septic shock
  21. 21What is shock caused by bacteria that is NOT in blood?toxic shock
  22. 22What is shock caused by exotoxin?toxic shock
  23. 23What is shock caused by endotoxin?septic shock
  24. 24What is shock caused by primarily gram (-) rods, but some gram (+) cocci & rods?septic shock
  25. 25What is shock caused by gram (+) cocci? (S. aureus + group A strep)toxic shock
  26. 26septic shock symptoms F H C- high fever
    - hypotension
    - intravascular coagulation
  27. 27Mechanism of septic shockendotoxin causes macrophages to release:
    - TNF alpha: tumor necrosis factor (MOST IMPORTANT ONE, PRIMARY MEDIATOR OF SEPTIC SHOCK)
    - IL-1: interleukin 1- endogenous pyrogen
    - NO: nitric oxide- vasodilation
    - Hageman factor: intravascular coagulation (disseminated)
  28. 28What is the primary mediator of septic shock?TNF alpha
  29. 29Why is a little bit of TNF-alpha good for you?1- adhere neutrophils @ site of infection (endothelium on skin)
    2- activates neutrophil respiratory burst
    3- stimulates helper T cells to make lymphokines
    4- stimulates B-cells to make antibodies
  30. 30Why is too much TNF-alpha bad for you?1- too many neutrophils adhere to capillary walls
    2- releases proteases & toxic oxygen radicals that damage capillary walls & cause blood leakage
    3- decreases blood volume + vasodilation--> leads to hypotension, acidosis, decreased cardiac output, organ failure
  31. 31Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Characteristics- gram (-) rods, usually single cells
    - NON-fermentive
    - NOT enterobac.
    - lactose (-)
    - oxidase (+)
    - motile, polar flagella
    - water soluble pigment
    pyocyanin / “blue-green pus”
    - fruity odor
    - environment, GI tract, skin
  32. 32Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: virulence factors (5) Cap EE Pro Pho- capsule/slime layer/alginate
    - has both endotoxin & exotoxin bc gram(-)
    exotoxin A (inhibits protein synthesis)
    - protease (degrades fibrin, elastin, collagen, etc.)
    - phospholipase C (can really damage tissues)
  33. 33Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Clinical Manifestations C O F W S U PC-orneal infections (esp. contact lens users)
    O-titis externa
    F-olliculitis (hot tub)
    W-ound infections (BURNS, 60% mortality)
    S-epticemia (70% mortality)
    U-TIs (catheters)
    P-neumonia (MAJOR in Cystic Fibrosis; leading cause of death 90%, REMEMBER THIS)
  34. 34Pseudomonas Aeru. can cause pneumonia in patients, and cause them to have a very high risk of what disease?cystic fibrosis
    leading cause of death ~90%
  35. 35Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: virulence factorplasmids/R-factors
    frequently resistant to many antimicrobials
    Very important to tailor antibiotic choice
  36. 36Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: antimicrobial treatment- ticarcillin or piperacillin plus aminoglycocin
    - ciprofloxacin
  37. 37Why is it important to tailor antibiotic choice in P. Aeruginosa?very antimicrobial resistant due to
    R factors/plasmids
  38. 38Which bacteria produces a characteristic fruity odor?Pseudo. Aeruginosa
  39. 39E. coli causes what % of Community-Aquired UTIs and nosocomial UTIs? **Coliform and PMP group cause UTIs too80% of CA-UTIs
    50% of nosocomial UTIs
  40. 40Which bacteria cause 45% of septicemias & septic shock?coliform + PMP group
  41. 41COLIFORM GROUP Klebsiella Pneumoniae Main Virulence Factors (2)- large polysaccharide capsule
    - extended B-spectrum lactamases (very antibiotic resistant!!)
  42. 42COLIFORM GROUP Klebsiella Pneumoniae Habitat- human intestinal tract
    - respiratory tract
    - natural environment
  43. 43COLIFORM GROUP Clinical manifestions of Klebsiella Pneumoniaecause small percent of:
    - bacterial pneumonias (in those w. alcoholism, diabetes, or bronchopulmonary disease)
    - nosocomial infections (W S U P E)
    * Wound infections (post operative)
    * Septicemia
    *UTIs
    *Pneumonia
    *Endocarditis
  44. 44Which bacteria have urinary stones with UTI infection?proteus species
  45. 45Which bacteria is a gram (-) rod but usually single cells & aerobic instead of facultative (non-fermentative, not enterobact).Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  46. 46Which bacteria is water soluble pigment- pyocyanin (blue-green pus)Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  47. 47Which bacteria is urease(+) ?proteus species
  48. 48Serratia marcescens Clinical ManifestationsW S U N
  49. 49In septic shock, endotoxins cause macrophages to release what? (4)1-TNF-alpha (primary mediator of septic shock)
    2- Il-1
    3- NO
    4- Hageman Factor
  50. 50Which bacteria is a MAJOR cause of septicemia (neonatal + meningitis) , UTIs, and nosocomial infections? S U NE. coli
  51. 51Which bacteria is known for it's LARGE POLYSACCHARIDE CAPSULE?Kleb. pneumoniae
  52. 52Which bacteria causes small percent of bacterial pneumonias & nosocomial infectionsKleb. pneumoniae
  53. 53Which bacteria produces a swarming motility?proteus species
  54. 54Which bacteria has motor, polar flagella?P. aeruginosa
  55. 55Which bacteria is found in the environment, GI tract, skin?P. aeruginosa
  56. 56Which bacteria is oxidase (+)P. aeruginosa
  57. 57Where is P. aeruginosa found?- skin
    - GI tract
    - environment
  58. 58What does exotoxin A (virulence factor or P. aeruginosa) do?inhibits protein synthesis

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Microbiology Flashcards on Enterobac & Pseudo. Aerug., created by Christina Phan on 27/10/2016.
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