Flashcards
Enzyme action
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1What do enzymes do?Catalyses biological reactions
- 2What kind of molecule is an enzyme?A globular protein
- 3What does anabolic mean?Building up
- 4What does catabolic mean?Breaking down
- 5Example of an anabolic reaction catalysed by enzymes?Chemical reactions for growth
- 6Example of a catabolic reaction catalysed by enzymes?Release of energy e.g. breaking down glucose
- 7What are enzymes affected by?- Temperature
- Pressure
- pH - 8What is Vmax?Vmax = maximum rate of the enzyme
(optimum) - 9What causes a faster rate of reaction and how?- Higher temperature and pressure
- Higher speed of molecules
- More successful collisions - 10What are enzymes produced by?Living organisms
- 11What parts are there so an enzyme?- Substrate
- Active site - 12What is special about enzymes?They are specific
- 13What is the active site?- Tertiary structure of enzyme has a complimentary shape that fits a specific substrate
- 14What is the lock and key hypothesis?- Enzyme-substrate complex formed
- Substrate reacts in active site to form enzyme-product complex
- Product released and enzyme unchanged - 15How is a substrate broken down?R-groups in substrate put strain on bonds within substance.
- 16What is the induced-fit hypothesis?- Active site changes to fit substrate as it enters
- 17What is the strength of the initial interaction?Weak
- 18How is the interaction strengthened?Induced changes in the enzymes tertiary structure
- 19How does this lower the activation energy required to start the reaction?It weakens the bonds in the substrate
- 20What are intracellular enzymes?Enzymes that work inside cells
- 21Example of intracellular enzyme reaction?Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water quickly to avoid toxic build up.
- 22What are extracellular enzymes?Enzymes released from cells
- 23What do nutrients supply?Substrates (raw materials) needed to make products
- 24What often are nutrients?Proteins or polysaccharides
- 25What must happen to nutrients?Nutrients must be broken down to fit inside cell membrane for use.
- 26What do extracellular enzymes do?Make use of polymers for nutrition
- 27What are the steps for extracellular enzymes in single-celled organisms?- Release enzymes to surroundings
- Enzymes break down large molecules
- Small molecules produced
- Molecules absorbed by cell - 28What are the steps for extracellular enzymes in multicellular organisms?- Eat food to gain nutrients
- Large molecules digested
- Small molecules absorbed into bloodstream
- Transported and used as substrates in cellular reactions - 29What is the first step of digesting starch?- Amylase digests starch polymers to maltose
- 30Where is amylase made?Produced by salivary glands and pancreas and then released in saliva in mouth or pancreatic juices in small intestine
- 31What is the 2nd step to digesting starch?- Maltase digests maltose to glucose
- 32Where is maltase?Present in small intestine
- 33What then happens to the glucose?Glucose absorbed into cells lining digestive system then into the bloodstream
- 34How are proteins broken down?- Trypsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides
- Other proteases break down the smaller peptides into amino acids - 35Where is trypsin produced?Produced in pancreas and released in pancreatic juice in small intestine.
- 36What happens to the amino acids?Absorbed into cells lining digestive system and then absorbed into bloodstream
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- AS level Biology (Chapter 04 - Enzymes) Flashcards on Enzyme action, created by Bethany Westwood on 15/11/2016.
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- Bethany Westwood
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