Flashcards
Brain Gross Anatomy
Cards in this deck (40)
- 1Brainlocated in cranial cavity and is part of the CNS
- 2Main parts of the brainBrain stem
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon - 3Brain stemContains the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
Responsible for integration of reflexes that are necessary for survival ex. couching, sneezing - 4DiancephalonLocated deep within the brain, above the brain stem
Contains epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus - 5CerebrumGrey Matter region that is involved with conscious thought and control
Where higher order processing occurs; assessing memories, reasoning - 6CerebellumControl of locomotion, posture and balance
Doesn't actually cause the movements, it just judges them so they are smooth and coordinated - 7Medulla OblongataTransmits ascending and descending impulses between the brain and spinal cord
Contains pyramids and olives
Cranial nerves VIII-XII - 8PyramidsDescending nerve tracts that are responsible for conscious control of skeletal muscle
Center of vital reflexes such as BP, heart rate, respiration, etc. - 9Olives (grey matter)Nuclei involved in coordination, balance, and modulation of sound
Takes information and sends it to the cerebellum in order for it to help with smooth movements - 10PonsContain ascending and descending nerve tracts
Other functions include: sleep center and respiration center - 11Anterior Side of PonsPontine Nuclei: responsible for communication between cerebrum and cerebellum
- 12Posterior Side of PonsNuclei for cranial nerves V-VIII
- 13MidbrainMost superior portion of the brain stem
contains nuclei of cranial nerves III and IV
Contains Tectum and peduncles - 14Tectum4 nuclei mounds on the dorsal surface of the midbrain (each separate is called a colliculus)
2 superior colliculi: involved in visual reflexes
2 Inferior colliculi: involved in hearing - 15PeduncleAssist in refining motor movements, learning of new motor skills, and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance
- 16Reticular FormationA group of nuclei scattered throughout the brain stem
This makes white matter connections that make a web like network or "cloud"
Controls cyclic activities such as the sleep wake cycle - 17Cerebellum PedunclesSuperior cerebellar peduncle communicates with the midbrain
Middle cerebellar peduncle communicates with the pons
Inferior cerebellar peduncle communicates with the medulla oblongata - 18Cerebellum PartsFocculonodular lobes : balance
Vermis: on anterior side its involved in gross motor coordination and on the posterior side its involved in fine motor coordination
Cerebellar hemisphere: fine motor coordination - 19ThalamusLargest portion of the diencephalon
The two lateral portions are joined by the interthalamic adhesion
Receives major portion of sensory input (NOT smell)
Contians medial and lateral geniculate nucleus - 20Lateral geniculate nucleusReceives visual input
- 21Medial geniculate NucleusReceives auditory input
- 22HypothalamusMost inferior portion of the diencephalon
Contains a stalk called the infundibulum
Link between the nervous system and the endocrine system
Contains many clusters of nuclei that control bodily functions and its where mood and emotion are regulated - 23InfundibulumConnects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
- 24EpithalamusPosterior and superior to the thalamus
contains habenular nuclei and the pineal gland - 25Habenular NucleiVisceral and emotional response to odor
- 26Pineal GlandSecretes melatonin and may influence the onset of puberty
- 27Cerebrum PartsCerebral cortex: outer gray matter region
Inner is the cerebral white matter region - 28Cerebral cortexFrontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
insula - 29Frontal lobeMotor function and mood
- 30Temporal LobeOlfactory, auditory input, and memory
- 31Occipital lobereception and integration of visual input
- 32Parietal lobeTouch, pressure, taste, blood pH
(most sensory input except for hearing smell and vision) - 33Cerebral White matterContains nerve tracts that are going to connect the cerebral cortex to other parts of the cortex or other parts of the CNS
Contains association tracts, commisural tracts, and projection tracts - 34Association TractsConnect the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere
- 35Commisural TractsConnect the cerebral hemispheres (corpus collosum)
- 36Projection TractsBetween the cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord
- 37Brain protectionThe brain is protected by cranial bones, cranial meninges, and cerebospinal fluid (CSF)
- 38Cranial meningesDura mater (2 layers: periosteal and meningeal)
Arachnoid mater
Pia matter - 39CSF Flow1. CSF is formed in the choroid plexuses of the two lateral ventricles which will flow through the inter-ventricular foramina and into the 3rd ventricle
2. More CSF is added by the choroid plexus in the roof of the 3rd ventricle
3. CSF will flow through the aqueduct of the midbrain or the cerebral aqueduct which passes through the midbrain and into the 4th ventricle
4. More CSF is added in the 4th ventricle
5. The CSF will flow into sub arachnoid space of the spinal cord by going through the 3 openings in the roof of the 4th ventricle
These openings are: Single medial aperture and the two lateral apertures (on each side)
6. The CSF will circulate in the central canal of the spinal and sub arachnoid space that surrounds the spinal cord and brain
7. The CSF is gradually reabsorbed into the blood through the arachnoid villi (finger like projection in the arachnoid mater) that project into the dural venous sinuses (superior sagittal sinus)
8. the venous blood is going to flow to the heart and lungs and then back to the ventricles so choroid plexuses can make more CSF - 40Arachnoid VilliFinger like projections in the arachnoid mater
Group of arachnoid villi are called arachnoid granulation
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- Kinesiology Flashcards on Brain Gross Anatomy, created by Raeesa Zulfiqar on 07/12/2016.
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- Raeesa Zulfiqar
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