Flashcards
Ch. 4: Policing
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1Basic Purposes of policing1. Enforce the laws of society
police are considered a part of the society they serve
2. Apprehend offenders who participate in crime
3. Prevent crime
be proactive
traditional policing is reactive
4. Preserve domestic peace and tranquility
5. Provide the community with needed enforcement-related services
This role has been expanded in recent years to include service that go beyond the traditional enforcement-related services - 2Enforcing the Law-Not the only job of the police
-Majority of calls are nonemergency public service calls. SOLUTION: creation of 311
-10% to 20% of calls require a law enforcement response
-Police cannot enforce all laws
-Police tend to tailor enforcement efforts to meet the concerns of the populace they serve - 3Crime PreventionThe anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to eliminate or reduce it
- 4Techniques and programs to prevent crime-Access control
-Surveillance
-Theft-deterrent devices
-CPTED- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design - 5Predicting Crime-Compstat
A crime analysis and police management process built on crime mapping that was developed by NYPD in the mid-1990s
-Predictive Policing - 6Preserving the PeaceRestore a sense of order, reduce the fear of crime, and lessen the number of serious crimes that occur
Broken windows model of policing - 7Federal Level-139,929 law enforcement officer, authorized to perform any of the following
-conduct criminal investigations
-execute search warrants
-make arrests
-carry fire arms - 8FBI-Spans more than 100 years
-Began in 1908
-13,000 special agents assigned to 56 field offices and 400 satellite offices
-also in offices in major cities around the world
-Operates the combined DNA index system (CODIS) - 9Centralized Model-Combined with patrol of state highways in major criminal investigations
-Assist local law enforcement
-operate a centralized identification bureau
-maintain a centralized criminal records repository
-provide select training for municipal and county - 10Decentralized Model-Draws clear distinction between traffic enforcement on state highways and other state-level law enforcement functions by creating at least two separate agencies
-Usually, have a number of other adjunct state-level law enforcement agencies - 11Local Agencies-There are approximately 12,760 municipal departments and 3,100 sheriff's departments
-Majority of agencies employ fewer than ten full-time officers
-Sheriffs are the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency - 12Fusion Centers-New concept in policing
-A mulitagency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting, sharing and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence - 13Line Operations-Authority flows from top down
-No supporting elements
-All line operations are involved in providing field services
-Only the smallest departments have only line operations
-Most police agencies have both line and staff operations - 14The Political Era (1840s-1930)-Close ties between police and public officials
-Police tended to serve the interest of powerful politicians and their cronies - 15The Reform Era (1930- 1970s)-Pride in professional crime fighting
-Focused most of the resources on solving "traditional" crimes - 16The Community Policing Era-Continues to characterize much of contemporary policing today
-Stresses the service role of police officers and envisions a partnership between the police agencies and their communities - 17The New Era-Made its appearance only recently and is still evolving
-Secure the homeland
-Emphasis on intelligence-led policing (ILP)
-ILP represents the next evolutionary stage in how police and sheriff's officers should approach their work
-New Era involves efforts to deal with threats to the homeland and to inform those efforts with situational awareness and shared intelligence - 18Watchman Style-Primarily concerned with order maintenance
-Controlling illegal and disruptive behavior
-Considerable use of discretion
-Characteristic of lower-class communities where informal police intervention into the lives of residents is employed in the service of keeping the peace
-Characteristic of the political era - 19Legalistic Style-Enforce the letter of the law
-Routinely avoid community disputes arising from violations of social norms that do not break the law
-Hands-off approach to behaviors that are simply bothersome
-Characteristic of the reform era - 20Service Style-Meets the needs of the community
-Police see themselves more as helpers than as soldiers in a "war on crime"
-More likely to refer citizens to community resources than are other types of agencies
-Common today - 21Police-community Relations (PCR)-An area of police activity that recognizes the need for the community and the police to work together effectively
-Based on the notion that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve
-Represents a movement away from an exclusive police emphasis on the apprehension of law violators and increasing the level of positive police-citizen interaction - 22Team Policing-The reorganization of conventional patrol strategies into "an integrated and versatile police team assigned to a fixed district"
-Experimented with during the 1960s and the 1970s
-Officers given considerable authority in processing complaints, from receipt through resolution
-A technique to deliver total police services to a neighborhood - 23Elements of PCR-Community-based crime prevention
-Reorientation of patrol activities to emphasize the importance of nonemergency services
-Increased police accountability to the public
-Decentralization of command, including greater use of civilians at all levels of police decision-making
-Community policing is a two way street
-Nearly 113,000 officers engage in community policing - 24Community Policing Act of 1994-Substantially increase the number of officers interacting with the public
-Provide additional and more effective training to enhance problem-solving skills
-Encourage innovative programs to permit community members to assist law enforcement
-Encourage new technologies to assist law enforcement in preventing crime - 25Critique of PCR-Difficult to determine effectiveness and citizen satisfaction with the program
-Ambiguity surround the concept of community
-Not all police officers or managers are willing to accept nontraditional images of police work
-Efforts to promote community policing can demoralize the department
-Some public officials unwilling to accept community policing - 26Scientific Police Management-The application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources
- 27Evidence-Based Policing-EBP uses research into everyday police procedures to evaluate current practices
-Has been called the single "most powerful force for change" in policing today
-Successful law enforcement executives will have to be consumers and appliers of research
-They must use research in their everyday work - 28Police Discretion-Refers to the exercise of choice by law enforcement officers in the decisions to investigate or apprehend, the disposition of suspects, and carrying out of official duties, and the application of sanctions
-Patrolling officers often decide against a strict enforcement of the law, preferring instead to handle situations informally
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- Criminal Justice (Final) Flashcards on Ch. 4: Policing, created by VICTORIA NORIEGA on 14/12/2016.
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- VICTORIA NORIEGA
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