Flashcards
Gender Key Terms
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1SexBiological difference between males and females, including chromosomes, hormones and anatomy.
- 2GenderThe psychological and cultural differences between males and females, including attitudes, behaviours and social roles.
- 3Sex-role stereotypeA set of beliefs and preconceived ideas about what is expected or appropriate for males and females in a given society.
- 4AndrogynyDisplaying a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics in one’s personality.
- 5Bem Sex Role InventoryThe first systematic attempt to measure androgyny using a rating scale of 60 traits (20 masculine, 20 feminine and 20 neutral) to produce scores across two dimensions: masculinity-femininity and androgynous-undifferentiated.
- 6ChromosomesFound in the nucleus of living cells carrying information in the form of genes; the 23rd pair of chromosomes determines biological sex.
- 7HormoneA chemical substance circulated in the blood that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.
- 8TestosteroneA hormone from the androgen group that is produced mainly in the male testes (and in smaller amounts in the female ovaries). Associated with aggressiveness.
- 9OestrogenThe primary female hormone, playing an important role in the menstrual cycle and reproductive system.
- 10OxytocinA hormone which causes contraction of the uterus during labour and stimulates lactation.
- 11Atypical sex chromosome patternAny sex chromosome pattern that deviates from the usual XX / XY formation and which tends to be associated with a distinct pattern of physical and psychological symptoms.
- 12Klinefelter’s syndromeA syndrome affecting males in which and individual’s genotype has an extra X chromosome (in addition to the normal XY), characterised by a tall, thin physique, small infertile testes, and enlarged breasts.
- 13Turner’s syndromeA chromosomal disorder in which affected women have only one X chromosome, causing developmental abnormalities and infertility.
- 14Kohlberg’s theoryAn explanation of gender development that perceives children as developing an understanding of gender in stages. gender-role behaviour only becomes apparent once a child gains an understanding that gender is fixed and constant.
- 15Gender Identity /labellingFirst stage in Kohlberg’s theory. Acquired at about 2 yrs old. Child recognises that they are a boy or a girl and has the ability to label others as boys or girls.
- 16Gender StabilitySecond stage in Kohlberg’s theory. Occurs around the age of 4 yrs old. The child understands that their own gender is fixed and that they will remain male or female when they are older.
- 17Gender ConstancyThird stage in Kohlberg’s theory. Usually at 6 or 7 yrs old. The child now realises that gender is consistent over time and situations. They can now begin to identify with people of their own gender and start to behave in gender-appropriate ways.
- 18Gender schema theoryAn explanation of gender development that sees gender identity alone as providing children with the motivation to assume sex-stereotyped behaviours.
- 19Gender schemaAn organised set of beliefs and expectations related to gender that are derived from experience. These schemas guide a person’s understanding of their own gender and gender-appropriate behaviour.
- 20Oedipus ComplexFreud’s explanation of how a boy resolves his love for his mother and feelings of rivalry towards his father by identifying with his father – this identification is necessary for internalising the father’s gender identity.
- 21Electra ComplexA process similar to the Oedipus Complex that is experienced by girls and occurs during the phallic stage of development. A girl develops an attraction to and envy of their father (penis envy) which they resolve through identification with the mother (again, this is necessary in order to internalise the appropriate female gender values)
- 22IdentificationA desire to be associated with a particular person or group, often because members of that group possess certain desirable characteristics.
- 23InternalisationThe process where an individual adopts the attitudes and behaviour of another individual or group.
- 24Hypothetical constructAn explanatory variable that cannot be directly observed.
- 25Social Learning TheoryA theory which suggests that behaviours are acquired through direct and indirect reinforcement. It combines learning theory with the role of cognitive factors.
- 26Gender rolesA set of behaviours and attitudes that are considered appropriate for one gender but inappropriate for the other gender.
- 27CultureThe ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular group of people or society.
- 28MediaCommunication channels, such as TV, film and books, through which news, entertainment, education and data are made available.
Information
- Description
- A list of Key terms mostly found in the AQA Psychology Textbook regarding Paper 3 Gender Topic at A-level.
- Created by
- Keziah Bunyan
- Views
- 32
- Tags
- Rating