7912057
Description
Flashcards by Tania Parvaiz, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tania Parvaiz
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are organic molecules? | Molecules which contain carbon |
| What are carbohydrates used for? (2) | •Used by cells as respiratory substrates •Form structural components in plasma membranes and cell walls |
| What is a monomer? | An individual molecule |
| What is a polymer and how are they formed? | Monomers joined together in a long chain |
| What elements do all carbohydrates contain? | C, H and O |
| What monomers are carbohydrates made from? | Monosaccharides |
| What type of reaction joins monosaccharides together? | Condensation reaction |
| What bond is formed in a condensation reaction and what is produced? | Glycosidic bond + water molecule |
| What are the 6 sugars? | •Glucose •Fructose •Galactose •Maltose •Sucrose •Lactose |
| What are the 3 monosaccharide sugars? | •Glucose •Fructose •Galactose |
| What is an isomer? | Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different chemical structures |
| What are the 2 isomers of glucose? | Alpha glucose and beta glucose |
| What is the structure of alpha glucose? | OH is down down up down |
| What is the structure of beta glucose? | OH is up down up down |
| What is a disaccharide? | 2 sugar monomers which have been joined together by a chemical bond |
| What are the 3 disaccharides? | •Maltose •Sucrose •Lactose |
| How do you make the 3 disaccharides? | •Glucose + glucose -> maltose •Glucose + fructose -> sucrose •Glucose + galactose -> lactose |
| What is the (reversible) equation for condensation and hydrolysis reactions? | Monosaccharide + monosaccharide <> disaccharide + water > = condensation < = hydrolysis |
| What is a polysaccharide? | A chain of sugar molecules (polymers) which have been joined by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction |
| Why are polysaccharides not sugars? (2) | •Not sweet •Not soluble |
| What is an example of a naturally occuring polysaccharide and where is it found? | Starch - plants |
| 3 ways how starch is adapted for its function? | •Amylose has a coiled structure which makes it compact so can fit more in small space •Amylopectin has side branches which allow faster breakdown by enzymes so glucose is released quickly •Insoluble so doesn't affect water potential |
| 2 ways how glycogen is adapted to its function? | •Very highly branched - can be released quickly •Compact - can store a lot in a small space |
| How is cellulose adapted to its function? | Beta molecules form straight cellulose chains when they bond, chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils to provide structural support |
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