Flashcards
Acid-Base Disorders (Unfinished)
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1What is the Definition of an Acid-Base Disorder?Change in the normal value of extracellular pH when renal or respiratory function is abnormal or when an acid or base load overwhelms normal excretory capacity.
- 2pCO2 is regulated by respiration. Abnormalities that alter the PCO2 are referred to as what?respiratory acidosis (high PCO2)
and
respiratory alkalosis (low PCO2). - 3[HCO3-] is regulated primarily by renal processes. abnormalities that alter the [HCO3-] are referred to as what?metabolic acidosis (low [HCO3-])
and
metabolic alkalosis (high [HCO3-]) - 4Describe compensation of respiratory AB disorders.¤ By change in HCO3
- => metabolic shift in the opposite
direction
¤ If pCO2 increases = respiratory acidosis => metabolic alkalosis due to increase in HCO3-
¤ If pCO2 decreases = respiratory alkalosis => metabolic acidosis due to decrease in HCO3- - 5Describe compensation of metabolic AB disorders.¤ By change in pCO2 => respiratory shift in the opposite direction
¤ If HCO3 - decreases = metabolic acidosis => respiratory alkalosis due to decrease in pCO2
¤ If HCO3
- increases = metabolic alkalosis => respiratory acidosis due to increase in pCO2 - 6True or False The body never “over-compensates” – if it seems too good to be true, there is actually a mixed disorder in the opposite direction.True
Note: Reverse is also true - a mixed disorder in the same direction (eg: mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis) will cause a more severe A-B disturbance - 7What is the compensatory mechanism and effect of the following disorder? Metabolic acidosisCompensatory mechanism: Rapid increase in ventilation (Kussmaul breathing: deep,
increased tidal volume)
Compensatory effect: Compensatory decrease in pCO2.
NB: pCO2=1.5 x HCO3 + 8 +/- 2
Winter’s formula - 8What is the compensatory mechanism and effect of the following disorder? Metabolic alkalosisCompensatory mechanism: Decreased ventilation (restricted by hypoxia)
Compensatory effect: Compensatory increase in pCO2
ΔpCO2= 0.7 x ΔHCO3 (rise in HCO3) - 9What is the compensatory mechanism and effect of the following disorder? Respiratory acidosisCompensatory mechanism:
Increased renal
-reabsorption of HCO3- in the proximal tubule
-excretion of H+ in the distal tubule
Compensatory effect: Compensatory increase in HCO3-
-Acute: 1 mEq/L for each 10 mmHg
increase in PaCO2 >40
-Chronic: 3.5 mEq/L for each 10
mmHg increase in PaCO2 >40 - 10What is the compensatory mechanism and effect of the following disorder? Respiratory alkalosisCompensatory mechanism:
Decreased renal:
-reabsorption of HCO3- in the proximal tubule
-excretion of H+ in the distal tubule
Compensatory effect: Compensatory decrease in HCO3-
- Acute: 2 mEq/L for every 10
mmHg decrease in PaCO2 <40
- Chronic: 5 mEq/L for every 10
mmHg decrease in PaCO2 <40 - 11What are normal values for AB Parameters?
- 12What is ABG INTERPRETATION - RULE 1?¤If the pH and PaCO2 fall in the same column (other than normal, of course) the problem is respiratory.
¤If the pH and HCO3- fall in the same column, the problem is metabolic.
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- FINAL Flashcards on Acid-Base Disorders (Unfinished), created by Victoria Wright on 06/04/2017.
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- Victoria Wright
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