Flashcards
Exercise Metabolism Exam Section A
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1What is allosteric regulationRegulated through +ve or -ve effectors
- 2Describe allosteric regulationRegulatory molecule binds to a site seperate from the catalytic (active) site of an enzyme. This binding causes a change in the three dimension conformation of the protein, turning on (or off) the catalytic site
- 3Name 4 positive allosteric regulators of PFKADP, AMP, Pi, cAMP
- 4Name 3 negative allosteric regulators of PFKATP, H+, Citrate
- 5When glycogen phosphorylase is active it is allosterically regulated by...Positive: AMP, ADP
Negatively: ATP and Glucose-6-Phosphate - 6What is covalent modificationThe additional removal of a phosphate group from ATP. Under hormonal control a phosphate group is added to the hydroxyl side chain of the amino acids: tyrosine, threonine and serine. This phosphorylates or dephosphorylates the enzyme
- 7What does a protein kinase do?Phosphorylates the protein by adding a Pi group
- 8What does protein phosphatase do?Dephosphorylates the protein by removing a Pi group
- 9Is glycocogen phosphorlyase active when phosphorylated or dephosphorylated?Phosphorylated
- 10What is the formula for GlucoseC6 H12 O6
- 11Draw a glucose molecule
- 12Name 3 monosaccharidesGlucose
Fructose
Galactose - 13Glucose + Glucose =Maltose
(Disaccharide) - 14Glucose + Fructose =Sucrose
(Disaccharide) - 15Glucose + Galactose =Lactose
(Disaccharide) - 16What is the first reaction for glycogenolysis?
- 17What is the second reaction of glycogenolysis?
- 18Draw the glycogenolysis pathway
- 19What is the hexokinase reaction?Glucose -> glucose 6 phosphate
Not reversible
- 20Draw the function of PFK
- 21How many ATP are produced when Glucose is utilised?2
- 22What is the glucose reaction in glycolysis?Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+
-->
2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ - 23How many ATP are produced when glycogen is utilised?3
- 24What is the glycogen reaction in glycolysis?Glycogen + 3ADP + 3Pi + 2NAD+
-->
2 Pyruvate + 3ATP + 2NADH + H+ - 25What is the lactate pyruvate reactionPyruvate + NADH + H
<-->
Lactate + NAD+
(Lactate Dehydrogenase) - 26Which enzyme regualte the lactate pyruvate reactionLactate Dehydrogenase
- 27Explain the concept of the cell to cell lactate shuttlelactate predominantly produced in the glycolytic fibres can be shuttled to other cells (oxidative muscle fibres, liver, heart) for use as additional energy substrate.
- 28How is lactate transported in the cell to cell shuttle?MCT4 transports it out of glycolytic fibres
MCT1 transports into oxidative fibres (Type 1) - 29Explain the regulation of PDH activity
- 30What is the total ATP yield from CHO oxidation?38 ATP
- 31What is the structure of a general amino acid?
- 32Draw the glucose alanine cycle
- 33What affect does high GI have on insulin and therefore FFA oxidationHigh GI=less FFA oxidation compared to control
- 34What affect does insulin have on HSL?Insuling inhibits cAMP which inhibits HSL. Therefore FA oxidation is decreased
- 35What is the resting concentration of ATP?25 mmol.kg-1 dw
- 36What is the resting concentration of PCr?80 mmol.kg-1 dw
- 37What is the resting concentration for glycogen?800 mmol.kg-1 dw trained fully loaded
500 mmol.kg-1 dw trained resting
350 mmol.kg-1 dw untrained rested
200 mmol.kg-1 dw depleted (sleep low)
100 mmol.kg-1 dw exhaustion
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- Exercise Metabolism (Exam Prep) Flashcards on Exercise Metabolism Exam Section A, created by V B on 03/05/2017.
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