The downfall of the Manchu dynasty 1901-1911

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The downfall of the Manchu dynasty 1901-1911	After 60 years of failure in the face of Western demands, it had alienated many of its people. Cixi attempted to countenance the reintroduction of reforms which she had opposed. Constitutional and administrative changed introduced; most striking were the creation of provincial assemblies and ending of the traditional Confucian examination for civil-service entrants.
1905 boycott of American goods	Directed primarily against US immigration laws, but also intended to embarrass the Manchu gov. over its failure to take lead in condemning American policy. Frustrated anger. Incident was one of a rash of uncoordinated anti-foreigner reactions.
China's ambivalent attitude towards the West	Ch. protests frequent but largely ineffective since lacked leadership and co-ordination. Sporadic machine breaking and sabotage of industrial plant expressed Ch workers' objection to foreign control but did little to threaten it. Large numbers of Ch livelihood depended on Western presence.

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	Created by Boyana Bozhilova almost 7 years ago