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| Question | Answer |
| Where does term come from (what assumption) | Term comes from the assumption that the years were an unproductive interlude between HVIII and Elizabeth |
| WHO STRONGLY BELIEVE THIS | AF Pollard and ST Bindhoff (early 20th Century) strongly believe this |
| 1973 concept expanded by who | WRD Jones |
| What did WRD Jones believe | the reigns were ones of great religious disruption, large scale disorder and rebellion. Also claims government was inefficient and plagued by social and economic problems and disastrous foreign policy |
| Reason for such accusations by WRD Jones? | magnitude of Henry and Elizabeth’s reigns. They were lengthy, dramatic, and saw fundamental changes to England. Also, FP triumphs – Henry’s aggressive policy to France and Elizabeth’s triumph over the Spanish. Edward and Mary look like underachievers in comparison |
| Why was Foxe's Book of Martyrs so instrumental to Mary's rep | fitted nicely into the prejudices of a Protestant and imperialist power |
| Who has recently criticised this interpretation | Jennifer Loach and Robert Tittler (in 'The Mid Tudor Polity (1980' |
| Loach specifically stresses what | Loach stresses the efficiency of government and the importance of Parliament in Mary’s reign |
| Which three historians state there was much creativity in this period | Loades, Loach and Tittler |
| Reasons for crisis | The attempts to alter the succession after Edward may have worked had Mary not been resolute / Wyatt did come close to taking London in 1554 |
| However suggesting it wasn't a crisis as what did NOT happen | Parliament’s status was not destroyed / The Royal Supremacy was not overthrown during Edward’s reign / England retained its independence from Spain under Mary / Most importantly…England did not descend into Civil War – unlike France in the 1560s! |
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