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Lipid Metabolism

Kristina Redd Biochemistry English 56 cards

Lipid Metabolism

Cards in this deck (56)

  1. 1What tissues don't experience FA catabolism?RBCs and brain
  2. 2What type of oxidation does catabolism require?B-oxidation
  3. 3What is the result of B-oxidation in catabolism?acetyl-CoA and 5 ATP
  4. 4How much ATP results from acetyl-CoA entering the Krebs cycle?12 ATP
  5. 5What are fatty acids stored as in adipose tissue and muscle?triglycerides
  6. 6What do FAs bind to when transported in the blood?albumin
  7. 7What enzyme is used to transfer TF into FA in adipose tissue?hormone-sensitive lipase
  8. 8Where are ketone bodies made?Liver
  9. 9What alcohol is attached to the FAs before being stored as triglycerides?glycerol-p
  10. 10Breakdown: TG --> FA --> _____ . What is the form of energy?ATP
  11. 11Most of the body lives on FA oxidation. Glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis occur where?liver
  12. 12Where are FAs activated and primed for metabolism?cytosol
  13. 13What enzyme is used to make an activated fatty acid from fatty acid + CoA?thiokinase
  14. 14Why does a FA need to be oxidized? Where does the site of this oxidation occur?needs to get inside the mitochondria, site of FA oxidation
  15. 15How many ATP are required to activate a FA (that happens in the cytosol)?2 ATP
  16. 16What molecule carries FA into the mitochondria?carnitine
  17. 17How many carbons in a FA chain does it require to complete B-oxidation and make 2C acetyl-CoA?all of the C atoms in the FA
  18. 18What is THE major source of biological energy production during fasting?B-oxidation of FAs
  19. 19What is significant about the B-oxidation of FAs that does not occur in the Krebs Cycle oxidation?B-oxidation results in acetyl-CoA + same carbon chain (FA) that we started with. Recycling mechanism.
  20. 20How many ATP result in accumulating 1 FADH2 from the B-oxidation cycle?2 ATP
  21. 21How many ATP result in accumulating 1 NADH from the B-oxidation cycle?3 ATP
  22. 22How many ATP result in accumulating 1 acetyl-CoA from the B-oxidation cycle?12 ATP
  23. 23What cells primarily use FA for energy metabolism?hepatocytes and adipocytes
  24. 24How is acetyl-CoA exported from the mitochondria to cytoplasm?shuttled out as citrate
  25. 25What drives FA synthesis?decarboxylation
  26. 26FA synthesis involves energy-driven (ATP) carboxylation of _____ to _____.2C acetyl-CoA --> 3C malonyl-CoA
  27. 27The chemical reversal of B-oxidation is _______.Fatty Acid synthesis
  28. 28How are carbon atoms added on FA synthesis?added 2 at a time using 3C malonyl-CoA
  29. 29What is the intermediate for FA synthesis?acyl carrier protein
  30. 30Where does FA synthesis occur?the cytosol
  31. 31What is the primary co-enzyme for FA synthesis?NADPH
  32. 32How are carbon atoms removed in FA oxidation?2 at a time
  33. 33How much energy does it cost for acetyl-CoA to exit the mitochondria as citrate/1 ATP
  34. 34What enzyme makes malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA?acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  35. 35What is the rate-limiting enzyme of FA synthesis?acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  36. 36At what point does FA synthesis stop?16C or 18C (palmitic and stearic acid)
  37. 37How do elongases function?extend FA by 2C units
  38. 38What do desaturaes do?add double bonds
  39. 39What is the "longest reach" when referring to desaturases?delta9 desaturase is the "longest reach"
    (9C from COOH end)
  40. 40Which three FAs are essential?Linoleic (18:2w6)
    linolenic (18:3w3)
    Arachidonate (20:4w6)
  41. 41For FA synthesis, what are the two allosteric controls?Citrate (and acetyl~CoA) in cytosol activate.
    Palmitate (end-product) feedback inhibits.
  42. 42How many ATP for acetyl-CoA to be exported from the mitochondria?8 ATP
  43. 43How many ATP does it require for 7 malonyl-CoA syntheses?7 ATP
  44. 44How many ATP is offered by 2 NADPH?6 ATP
  45. 45How do you calculate how much ATP is used to make FA from acetyl-CoA to store?(8 ATP * # of cycles) + 1
  46. 46The net energy cost between FA synthesis and FA oxidation is ____ ATP.24 ATP
    (3 ATP/acetyl-CoA)
  47. 47What is the general chemical equation to make a triglyceride?glycerol + ATP + 3 fatty acyl-CoA
  48. 48Identify.phospholipid/diglycerideIdentify.
  49. 49What type of energy activates choline in the biosynthesis of a phospholipid?CTP
  50. 50What phospholipid is important for lung surfactant that can also cause respiratory distress for premature babies if missing?Dipalmitoyl-PC
  51. 51What is the energy input required in the synthesis of FAs?ATP, NADPH
  52. 52What molecules result from the Krebs Cycle [ox]?FADH2, NADH, and water
  53. 53What molecules result from the B-oxidation of FAs?FADH2, NADH, and water
  54. 54What is the multi-enzyme complex in cytosol used in FA synthesis?FA synthase
  55. 55What is chylomicrons (lymph)?fat from gut repackaged and stored in adipose tissue… can also be functioned in skeletal muscles as proteins
  56. 56—

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Lipid Metabolism I, II, & III - MED 2017
Created by
Kristina Redd
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