Flashcards
Language features and their effects
Cards in this deck (38)
- 1RhymeThe ends of words have the same sounds, usually at ends of lines in poetry.
"That second day they hunted me,
From hill to plain, from shore to sea."
Makes text more memorable and can make poems amusing. Can tie middle and end of verses - 2RhythmA regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
"I WENT to TOWN to BUY a PHONE"
Makes the text as a whole more meroable and makes it flow better. - 3AlliterationRepetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words-in close succession.
"Having Heard the Song, He Sang it Softly."
Makes small sections of the text hang together and flow better, it also draws attention to the phrase. - 4AssonanceVowel sounds are repeated at the beginning or middle of nearby words.
"the EArly bIRd catches the wORm."
Makes small sections of the text hang together and slow better. It draws our attention to the phrase. - 5Sound clustersA group of sounds is repeated in a sentence or a group of lines in a poem.
"I love to see the cottage smoke curl upwards through the trees."
They create a "wall of sound" with a number of repeated sounds. It creates a particular mod by using a number of hard or soft sounds. - 6OnomatopoeiaWords sound like the sounds they name.
"The brrrrring of the alarm woke him"
Helps hear the actual sound being named and therefore we understand it properly or it transports us to the place of the sound. - 7RepetitionRepeating the same or nearly the same words for effect.
"Come on, Come on!" she shouted. "We're late!"
This is used to emphasize whatever is being said or written, or to mimic repetition in nature. - 8Parallel constructionTwo or more ideas are equally important by stating them in grammatically parallel order.
"I came,
I saw,
I conquered."
Provides rhythm and expands detail of the description and creates balance. - 9SimilesAn image which compares two things using like or as.
"As blind as a bat."
Adds emphasis, the readers can get a clearer image in their mind and it makes the phrase more interesting. - 10MetaphorAn image that compares two things without using like or as.
"You are such a chicken"
It creates vivid imagery, such as the transfer of emotional content of something understood, to something less understood. - 11PersonificationAn image which gives human qualities to non-human things.
"The stars danced playfully in the moonlight sky."
Makes inanimate objects seem lively and lifelike while it also contributes to our sense of oneness with these intimate objects. - 12Choice of words (vocabulary)Using more unusual or specialized or technical words,
"The wind moaned, a low-pitched, unutterably eerie threnody"(sad song)
More unusual words provide more specific meaning and makes it seem like the writer knows the topic. - 13Use of slangLanguage most likely used in direct speech.
"Bugger off!"
Grounds the text in informality as well as a certain social group and period of time. - 14Use of direct slangQuoting or reporting spoken words.
"Come over here!" Jack yelled, then proceeded to tell us how he'd won the cup.
Makes the character comes alive. We can "hear" the way s/he speaks - the actual vocab, grammar and tones. - 15Use of incorrect grammarGenerally used in direct speech but may be used for a particular effect.
"Let's have ourselves a few beers."
Creates an image of the character-helps to define personality and place him/her in a particular educational or social class. Provides authenticity in your writing. - 16PunWord play involving two words with different meanings or two words that sound the same but mean different things.
"A pilot who's career has taken off"
Provides amusemant for the reader, shows that the character is clever and witty. - 17HyperboleDeliberate exaggeration.
I've told you a thousand times to clean up your bedroom.
Used for emphasis to get a point across. Illustrates something of the mood of the speaker/writer. - 18LiotesDeliberate understatement.
A million dollars is not a little amount.
Shows how strong the emotion is ad illustrates something of the character of the speaker/writer. - 19Use of multiple adjectives or adverbsThe adjectives give more information about the noun and adverbs of the verbs.
"The air was full of driving, needle-pointed ice spicules..."
Builds up a full picture of the object/animal/person/activity so that it becomes very clear in the readers mind - 20Simple sentencesOnly have one complete verb, though there may be one or more incomplete verb.
"The frog jumped and landed in the pond."
Establishes one idea. Used as a topic sentence, making clear what the paragraph is about or marking a change. - 21Compound sentencesMinimum of two complete verbs and each part of the sentence can stand on its own.
The sky is clear; the stars are twinkling.
Used to get across two main ideas with some supporting detail. - 22Complex sentenceMinimum of two complete verbs; the part that has a verb, but cannot stand on its own.
"The museum was interesting, as i expected."
Explanations and more detailed information about the idea expressed in the main . - 23Rhetorical questionA question that does not expect an answer from the reader or audience.
"Is the pope Catholic?"
To get the readers' / audience's attention and make them think about the answer before giving it. - 24Use of commandVerb used alone (without a noun or pronoun). Can be used with adverbs or other word classes.
"Stop talking now!"
Catch people's attention as we are socially conditioned to obey commands so the response will be affirmative. - 25Use of first person pronoun1st person singular = I, me, my, mine
Plural = We, us, our, ours.
Singular eg. = "I knew a man by sight."
Plural eg = "We saw the night sky."
Gives immediacy to the text - the author makes a connection with the reader. "We in a speech involves the reader. - 26Use of second person pronoun2nd person singular and plural = you, your, yours
"To make lemonade, you add the juice of lemons to water and sugar."
"How Big Can You Dream?"
In speeches and adverts addresses the viewers and challenge them to respond. - 27SymbolismUse of an object to represent some emotion, belief system or abstract noun.
Eg. Hearts-love, snake-evil.
It helps the author convey meaning and imagery. It adds power and the impact is greatly. - 28EuphemismUse of a less objectionable or harsh expression to avoid offending people.
"His wife passed away(died)"
"She is vertically challenged(short)"
It is revealing of the character of the person using it. - 29NeologismNew word - an invented word.
"Blutter" - to give a long rambling speech about uncertainty.
Blutter uses words like blubber and stutter.
Makes it stand out from ordinary words and makes the reader remember them. - 30ListingObjects/reasons/parts are listed - in text usually with commas. On web pages listed with bullet points.
The boy received money, toys, games and more for his birthday.
Shows the extent of emphasizes the topic being described or the authors wide knowledge of the topic. - 31Emotive languageWords which have intended emotional effects or try to get an emotional response.
"You should recycle because it saves the planet."
The attitude and emotions of the author are transferred or made clear to the reader - 32SarcasmThe use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
"Not the brightest crayon in the box now, are we?"
Shows the characters attitude are ones of contempt or revulsion or dislike or bitterness. - 33IronyThe use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning.
Looking at her son's messy room, Mom says, "Wow, you could win an award for cleanliness!"
The intent and effect are less offensive then sarcasm and shows wit where it is not always expected. - 34ContrastUsing word of opposite meaning close together.
"In a city that never sleeps, she was trying to stay awake."
Strengthens each aspect of the contrast by showing up the differences. To emphasize a change or difference or idea. - 35Use of numbers/statisticsA number/statistic is used to show a certain amount.
"Thousands died and thousands are homeless."
A specific number gives the impression that the writer is authoritative and knowledgeable. - 36Use of authority figuresThe words (or image) or a famous person or celebrity are used.
"Lionel Messi only wears Nke."
The reader aspires to share the goals of (and use the product promoted by) the personality. - 37AllusionA reference to another work.
“I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s.” This refers to Pinocchio, his nose grew whenever he told a lie.
Adds another dimension to the text by introducing material from our external knowledge. - 38QuotationDirect use of another's words (spoken or written)
Churchill famously said, "We will fight them on the beaches.."
A quotation will add some authority of the original author to the current speaker/writter.
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- Year 9 English Flashcards on Language features and their effects, created by Miles McIntosh on 16/07/2017.
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- Miles McIntosh
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