Proteins produced by synthesis determine physical and chemical characteristics of cells and organisims
DNA in genes provides instructions for making
proteins
TO SYNTh PROTEINS: Info from DNA copied to
produce RNA.
(TRANSCRIPTION) RNA attaches to a ribosome & translated to crrspndng sqnc of amino
acids and form new protein molecule.
Info stored in DNA in 4 types of
NUCLEOTIDES (repeating units of nucleic
acids)
Each sqnc of 3 DNA ncltds is copied to
RNA ncltds (BASE TRIPLET)
Each squnc of 3 RNA ncltds
(CODON)
PROMOTER - segment of DNA where RNA
polymerase attaches to it is this special
sequence of nucleotides
Transcription catalyzed by enzyme RNA called POLYMERASE,
which needs directions on where to start and stop transcribing
Ends at a nucleotide sequence on DNA called a
TERMINATOR, which tells the RNA polymerase to detach
from transcribed RNA molecule and DNA. WHen synthesized,
mRNA, rRna and tRNA leave nucleus thru nclr pore. In
cytoplasm, ready for translation.
During transcription, nucleotides pair in a complimentary way (If the DNA base is cytosine, the complimentary
nitrogenous base guanine will go to the new RNA strand).
MESSENGER RNA - directs
synthesis of a protein
RIBOSOMAL RNA - joins
with ribosomal proteins to
make ribosomes
TRANSFER RNA - grabs
amino acid and holds in place
on a ribosome until it
becomes a protein during
translation. Bind to only 1
amino acid (20)