Gene action: protein synthesis

Description

Mind Map on Gene action: protein synthesis, created by Cynthia Ayala on 09/02/2014.
Cynthia Ayala
Mind Map by Cynthia Ayala, updated more than 1 year ago
Cynthia Ayala
Created by Cynthia Ayala over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Gene action: protein synthesis
  1. Proteins produced by synthesis determine physical and chemical characteristics of cells and organisims
    1. DNA in genes provides instructions for making proteins
      1. TO SYNTh PROTEINS: Info from DNA copied to produce RNA.
        1. (TRANSCRIPTION) RNA attaches to a ribosome & translated to crrspndng sqnc of amino acids and form new protein molecule.
          1. Info stored in DNA in 4 types of NUCLEOTIDES (repeating units of nucleic acids)
            1. Each sqnc of 3 DNA ncltds is copied to RNA ncltds (BASE TRIPLET)
              1. Each squnc of 3 RNA ncltds (CODON)
                1. PROMOTER - segment of DNA where RNA polymerase attaches to it is this special sequence of nucleotides
                2. Transcription catalyzed by enzyme RNA called POLYMERASE, which needs directions on where to start and stop transcribing
                  1. Ends at a nucleotide sequence on DNA called a TERMINATOR, which tells the RNA polymerase to detach from transcribed RNA molecule and DNA. WHen synthesized, mRNA, rRna and tRNA leave nucleus thru nclr pore. In cytoplasm, ready for translation.
                    1. During transcription, nucleotides pair in a complimentary way (If the DNA base is cytosine, the complimentary nitrogenous base guanine will go to the new RNA strand).
                      1. MESSENGER RNA - directs synthesis of a protein
                        1. RIBOSOMAL RNA - joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes
                          1. TRANSFER RNA - grabs amino acid and holds in place on a ribosome until it becomes a protein during translation. Bind to only 1 amino acid (20)
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