Disease and Infection

Disease and Infection

1. Diease

   • Types of disease.
   • Pathogens
     • Non-cellular agents
     • Cellular agents
     • Multicellular organisms
   • infection
   • Prions
     • Viruses
       • how they work
       • Effect on a cell
       • How they are killed and what doest this
       • Markers and antigens
       • How they are recognised
       • Examples of viruses and how they work
       • Structure
       • Non-cellular pathogens
       • Bacteria
         • Prokaryotes
         • Classification of bacteria
           • Shape
             • coccus
             • Bacillus
             • Spirochaete
           • Structures
             • Flagella
             • capsule
             • Cell wall
             • Spores
         • Energy source
           • Photosynthetic
           • Chemosysthetic
           • Heterotrophic
             • aerobic anaerobic
             • anaerobic
               • Faculative
               • obligate
         • how do they cause harm?
         • Ectoparasites
         • endoparasites
         • How are they killed and what kills them?
         • Protozoans and parameciums
         • Endotoxins and exotoxins
         • Fungi
           • Spefic fungal disease
             • Structural features
             • how it occurs
           • Some pathenogenic & some superficial
           • Immune system
             • Non Specific immunity
               • Involes many physical and chemical barriers to infection and is not affected with prior contact with micro organsim
                 • First line of defense
                   • Skin
                   • mucous membranes
                   • natural secretions
                   • Natural flora
                 • Second line of defence
                   • Phagocytes and killer cells
                   • Complement proteins
                   • Interferon
                   • cytokines
                   • Inflamation
                   • Histamine
                 • Lymphatic system
                 • Fever
             • Specific immunity
               • Involves the prosuctin of specialied cells and chemical substances known as antibodies.
                 • Third line of defence
                   • Lymphocytes
                     • B cells
                       • B plasma
                       • B memory
                         • Clonal theory
                     • T cells
                       • T helper
                       • Cytotoxic t cells
                       • Interaction / overlap
                         • Movement around body
                   • Markers
                     • MHC: shows whether a cell is self or non self
                     • Class II: Shows whether a cell is part of the immune system
                     • Antigens
                       • Examples of
                       • Bonded to by antibody
                   • antibodies
                     • Antigen-Antibody complex
                     • Types of antibodies
                       • IgM &IgG
                       • IgE
                       • IgA
                       • IgD
             • Infection
             • Types of immunity
               • Cell based
               • Humerol
               • active immunity OR Natural active immunity
               • Passive immunity: induced or Natural
             • Allergies
               • How they occur
               • examples+what happens in the examples
               • Mast cells
             • Auto immune disorders
             • Immune definciency diesease
       • Lifecycle
   • Pathogens
     • Cellular pathogens:Bacteria+micro organisms
       • Single celled:Pathenogenic protozoa & ameoba
       • Multicelled
     • Non cellular: viruses
   • Carriers