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FOUNDATIONS

Ansonique Smit English

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FOUNDATIONS

PILES:
- TIMBER:
  - inexpensive
    - easy to cut and splice
      - requires no special handling
        maximum pile depth 33m
        limited load carrying ability
        pile ends may splinter under driving loads
        subject to insect attack and decay
- PRE-CAST CONCRETE
  - manufactured in any desired shape and size: round, square and octagonal;
    - heaviest type
      - high strength and resistance to decay
        brittleness of concrete and lack of tensile strength, require care in handling and driving to prevent pile damage
        also during lifting because of the poor bending strength
        cutting is an extensive exercise involving pneumatic hammers, cutting torches & special saws
- CAST-IN-PLACE / CAST-IN-SITU
  - constructed by driving a steel shell into the ground
    - and then filling it up with concrete
      - shells sometimes pulled out
        but normally left in place as additional reinforcement to the concrete
  - easy to handle, cut and splice
    - shells are light weight
      - all shells to be inspected before concrete filling
        where piled into expansive soils, shells are to be filled as soon as possible after piling to prevent damage due to lateral soil pressure
- STEEL
  - H-type and pipe-type piles
    - where the name indicates the shape of the pile section
      - capable of supporting heavy loads
        can be driven to great depths without damage
        easily cut/spliced
        filled with concrete for additional strength
        high cost
- COMPOSITE PILES
  - made up of two or more different materials
    - example timber and shell
      - where the timber is at such a level that it is not subject to decay
        and the shell would be exposed to decay
- BULB
  - also known as compacted concrete piles
    - Franki-piles
      - pressure injected footings.
        A special type of cast-in-place concrete pile
        in which an enlarged base or bulb is formed during driving
        the enlarged base increases the effectiveness of the pile as an end bearing pile