2418417
Description
Mind Map by Jess_012345, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jess_012345
about 9 years ago
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RNA
- Ribose Nucleic Acid
- Single stranded
- Uracil NOT Thymine
- Shorter than DNA
- mRNA
- messenger RNA
- Carries 'message' that codes for a particular protein
- From Nucleus to Cytoplasm
- From Nucleus to Cytoplasm
- Carries 'message' that codes for a particular protein
- Single stranded, linear structure
- Codons
- TRANSCRIPTION
- RNA Synthesis
- DNA Helicase breaks the Hydrogen bonds
between complementary base pairs
- Start of gene on DNA = marked by a
sequence of bases - promoter
- RNA nucleotides attach to bases on
DNA by complementary base pairing
- only 1 RNA strand = made
- Other strand = copy -
non-template strand
- DNA strand
copied = template
- New nucleotide bases = joined by
strong covalent phosphodiester
bonds - enzyme RNA Polymerase
- Only ~8 base pairs are attached at a time,
mRNA peels off from DNA as it's made -
DNA polymerase rewinds the strand
- End of a gene = stop codon - transcription stops
- mRNA = length of a gene
- POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATION
- Splicing
- Introns = removed
- Exons = rejoined
- Mature mRNA
- mRNA diffuses out of
nucleus through nuclear
pore into cytoplasm
- Attaches to
ribosome
- Found near nucleus -
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
= attached to nuclear envelope
- Found near nucleus -
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
= attached to nuclear envelope
- Attaches to
ribosome
- mRNA diffuses out of
nucleus through nuclear
pore into cytoplasm
- Mature mRNA
- Introns = removed
- Splicing
- mRNA = length of a gene
- End of a gene = stop codon - transcription stops
- Only ~8 base pairs are attached at a time,
mRNA peels off from DNA as it's made -
DNA polymerase rewinds the strand
- Other strand = copy -
non-template strand
- Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
- only 1 RNA strand = made
- RNA nucleotides attach to bases on
DNA by complementary base pairing
- Start of gene on DNA = marked by a
sequence of bases - promoter
- DNA -- pre-mRNA
- TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
- Gene = expressed through
TRANSCRIPTION and
TRANSLATION - into proteins
- Give cells their function
- Give cells their function
- RNA Synthesis
- Pre-mRNA
- Eukaryotic DNA =
exons and introns
- Code for polypeptides
- Code for polypeptides
- Prokaryotic DNA
= exons only
- Eukaryotic DNA =
exons and introns
- Short lifetime - degraded
soon after used
- contains only 1 gene
~100 nucleotides
- siRNA
- Small interfering RNA
- Control of Gene Expression
- Small interfering RNA
- messenger RNA
- tRNA
- Clover structure
- Anticodons
- transfer RNA
- TRANSLATION
- ribosome attaches to
mRNA at initiation codon
- Ribosome encloses two codons
- tRNA molecule with amino acid
attached diffuses into ribosome
- Anticodon attaches to mRNA -
complementary base pairing
- Next codon is read by the
ribosome - next tRNA joins -
complementary base pairing
- Bond between amino acid and tRNA is cut
- New bond between amino
acids = peptide bond
- Catalysed by ribozymes
- Ribosome moves along so
amino acid-tRNA can attach
- Free tRNA leaves to a new
complementary amino acid
- Repeats until a stop codon is reached and the
polypeptide chain moves away, folding into a protein
- Ribosome falls apart - protein = finished
- Ribosome falls apart - protein = finished
- Repeats until a stop codon is reached and the
polypeptide chain moves away, folding into a protein
- Free tRNA leaves to a new
complementary amino acid
- Catalysed by ribozymes
- New bond between amino
acids = peptide bond
- Bond between amino acid and tRNA is cut
- Next codon is read by the
ribosome - next tRNA joins -
complementary base pairing
- Anticodon attaches to mRNA -
complementary base pairing
- tRNA molecule with amino acid
attached diffuses into ribosome
- Ribosome encloses two codons
- One mRNA strand =
translated by ribosomes
simultaneously
- ribosome attaches to
mRNA at initiation codon
- Clover structure
- rRNA
- ribosomal RNA
- rRNA + protein = ribosomes
- Site of mRNA translation and
protein synthesis
- Site of mRNA translation and
protein synthesis
- 2 sub-units = small and large
- Made in nucleolus and
exported to cytoplasm
- Made in nucleolus and
exported to cytoplasm
- Coded for by many genes in
many different chromosomes
- ribosomal RNA
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