2646171
Description
Mind Map by sarahsmiles, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sarahsmiles
almost 9 years ago
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Learning
Theory
- Suggests that attachments are learnt though classical and operant
conditioning
- According to classical conditioning the infant, who had a drive to feed,
associated the PCG with feelings of pleasure which come from food.
- The PCG becomes the conditioned stimulus and the pleasure
become the conditioned response.
- In this way the infant learns to form an attachment with their
PCG because of the positive feeling associated with them.
- The PCG becomes the conditioned stimulus and the pleasure
become the conditioned response.
- According to operant conditioning the PCG and infant form an attachment as they
reward each other.
- Feeding is rewarding (positive reinforcment) to the infant as it
reduces their drive for food so they learn to stay close to their PCG
in anticipation of food (reward)
- To the infant, food is the primary reinforcer
- To the infant, food is the primary reinforcer
- As the PCG is associated (classical conditioning) with pleasure from food, the become the secondary reinforcer
- Feeding is rewarding (positive reinforcment) to the infant as it
reduces their drive for food so they learn to stay close to their PCG
in anticipation of food (reward)
- According to classical conditioning the infant, who had a drive to feed,
associated the PCG with feelings of pleasure which come from food.
- Supporting research: Schaffer and
Emerson
- 60% of 60 working class Glaswegian infants formed an attachment with a parent who
was their main feeder.
- This suggests that attachments are formed based on an association between the
pleasure an infant gets from food and the PCG who feeds them
- 60% of 60 working class Glaswegian infants formed an attachment with a parent who
was their main feeder.
- :( Simplistic
- Unfairly minimises complex attachment behaviour by ignoring other factors
- Ignores how the ability to form attachments is innate
- Ignores how the ability to form attachments is innate
- Harlow's research showed that monkeys will instinctively form an attachment
with care-givers which closely resemble them and provide "contact comfort"
over the pleasure associated with food (as learning theory states).
- As humans and monkeys share a similar biological make up,
these findings can be used to explain attachments in humans.
- Unfairly minimises complex attachment behaviour by ignoring other factors
- :( Constrained
- Suggests our behaviour is limited by factors outside of our control,
limiting our free will and responsibility
- Assumes complex attachment behaviour is the result of learning
- In this way it cannot explain why some parents
choose not to form an attachment with their
child
- e.g. surrogate mothers who give the child to a
couple after it is born and they have had chance
to bond with it
- e.g. surrogate mothers who give the child to a
couple after it is born and they have had chance
to bond with it
- Suggests our behaviour is limited by factors outside of our control,
limiting our free will and responsibility
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