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56843
WATER FLUORIDATION
Description
ORAL BIOLOGY Mind Map on WATER FLUORIDATION, created by aahughes on 25/04/2013.
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oral biology
oral biology
Mind Map by
aahughes
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
aahughes
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
WATER FLUORIDATION
James Crichton Browne
HISTORY OF WATER FLUORIDATION
Linking brown stain to fluoride1902-1932
Linking brown staining to DMFT1993
Proving effectiveness of artificial waterF1945
FREDERICK MCKAY
Moves to Colorado and notices brown stains on teeth: COLORADO BROWN STAIN
Minute white flecks to yellow/brown spots
called this MOTTLED TEETH 1901
In 1909 Mckay enlists help of G.V BLACK
FINDINGS: mottled teeth were more rough than normal teeth
Not any more prone to caries than normal teeth
Something to do with water supply but they weren't sure 1916
Then in a mining town of Oakley, Idahowere running out of water and sunk a deep well 1909
Children born after then were subject to Colorado brown stain
Reported by Dr Robertson 1928 - Mckay +Kemp to investigate
Published results in 1930 still did not know what cause was
Chief chemist of from ALCOA company (worried that people thought it was aluminium)
Carried out tests on the water and found it was high Fluoride in water that caused stain
H.TRENDLEY DEAN
Showed that more than 1ppm fluoride in water caused mottling
Dr Ainsworth showed that optimum levels of F in water is 1ppm
after then not a significant drop in caries - more concerned with aesthetics
Mottling increases after 1ppm
They then realised that Fluoride has an effect on caries
ARTIFICIAL WATER FLUORIDATION
1STplace to receive it was Grand Rapids USA - 1945
North/South Sheilds (WEAVER 1944) - kids in south had 50% less caries
WF reduces caries by 50-60% ( old data )
With the introduction of t/pastes in 1970's - now a 20% reduction
TIEL-CULEMBORG STUDY
water fluoride has great benefit on smooth surface
10% of UK has WF
50% of USA has WF
80% of decay occurs in 20% of kids
ie if a kid has decay, they have loads!
REASONS FOR CEASING WF
POLITICAL - mass medication expensive?
Advantage would be everyone receives it-decrease social in equalities
UNETHICAL - people don't have a choice on receiving it
IS IT SAFE/ETHICAL/EFFECTIVE?
F is a naturally occurring substance ie Tea
50% of ingested F is retained in calcified tissue
F can Poison in large quantities
FLUOROSIS
WHITE, OPAQUE, FLAT
acid abrasion can remove - superficial layer of Enamel where F lies
FLUORIDE POISONING!
If a child ingests more than 5mg per kg of child weight - get child to drink milk(Ca binds to F) take to hospital
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