Market Failure

Annotations:

• "-ve 8,087 weight loss stomach operations 2010/11" - Evidence A

1. underconsumption
2. +ve externalities
3. Healthy Meals

   Annotations:

   • "Half of the 1.2m children entitled to free school meals do not take them up" - Evidence F

1. Free Rider
2. Non excludability
3. non rivalry

1. overconsumption
2. -ve externalities
3. sports drinks

   Annotations:

   • "The levels...in which people are consuming these are worrying" - Evidence C

Annotations:

• Traffic Light labeling of Foods Banning of trans fats 

Annotations:

• Ofsted - monitor and report on standards "take it in turns to have nutritious lunches". - Evidence D
• Ofsted found a "third of schools still failing to provide healthy meals" - Evidence D
• Mandatory standards - "average school lunch must contain at least one portion of veg or salad and one of fruit." - Evidence D
• Mandatory standards cont'd - "Fat, sugar and salt are restrcited and each meal shoud contain minimum levels of nutrients and vitamins" - Evidence D

Annotations:

• Sports and body building drinks to lose their "zero rating" - Evidence E, link to evidence C
• "Consumption of these isotonic drinks without accompanying exercise is linked to weight gain." - Evidence C
• "The proposed VAT on the pasty could mean a 15-20% reduction in sales [leading] to job losses and lower profitability" - Evidence E
• Fat tax - Denmark on foods high in saturated fat

Annotations:

• Money towards buying fresh food for new mums - see Health Start Scheme

Annotations:

• Healthy Schools Meals - cost £367, withdrawal of these would "negatively affect economic welfare"
• "healthy food improves behaviour and grades" - Evidence F

Annotations:

• -ve Cost to NHS of obesity linked to consumption of fatty and sugary foods, also sports/fizzy drinks
• +ve Economic mobility linked to better behaviour grades

1. "nanny state"

   Annotations:

   • Should individuals be more responsible.  Are they really poorly informed about choices or making poor choices?
2. health awareness

   Annotations:

   • Change 4 Life - promoting healthy lifestlyes
   • Anti campaigns - would this be too emotive? 
   • Costly are they effective? 
3. Equity

   Annotations:

   • Tax on food regressive, as flat rate indirect tax 
   • PED of food inelastic therefore incidence is borne by the consumer, so inflationary as well
4. Trade off

   Annotations:

   • Given the current austerity measures any funding will redirect funds from elsewhere, can the opportunity cost be justified?
   • Already scrapped a "planned extension of free school meals" - Evidence D