Early Childhood Diseases

Early Childhood Diseases

1. Chickenpox

   • Transmission
     • Respiratory secretions Contact with skin lesions Incubation 2-3wks
   • Rash on Trunk with less on limbs
   • Treatment
     • Antiviral Acyclovir VZIG in high risk Diphenhydramine for itching
   • Nursing Management
     • Isolation Daily tepid baths Calamine lotion Keep fingernails short

2. Diphtheria

   • Transmission
     • Direct contact with nasal discharge, skin or lesions
   • Characteristics
     • FeverMalaiseHighly Puritic rashMacule to vesicle PseudomembraneLymphadenopathy
   • Complications
     • Myocarditis Neuritis
   • Treatment
     • PCN or Erythromycin Complete bedrest to prevent myocarditis
   • Nursing Management
     • Isolation Epinephrine available Observe respirations for obstruction Humidified Oxygen

3. Fifth Disease

   • Transmission Unknown
   • Characteristics
     • Facial rash with "slapped face" appearance Maculopapular red spots on extremities
   • Complications
     • Self limited arthritis Arthralgia
   • Treatment
     • Antipyretics and Analgesics
   • Nursing Management
     • Avoid pregnant women Isolation not necessary

4. Roseola

   • Transmission Unknown
   • Characteristics
     • 6mos-3yrs:       High fever in well appearing child       Pink macules on trunk that spread to neck, face and extremities      Not itchy      Lymphadenopathy      Inflammed pharynx      Cough      Coryza
   • Complications
     • Recurrent febrile seizures Rarely encephalitis
   • Treatment
     • Antipyretics for fever
   • Nursing Management
     • Discuss Precautions if prone to febrile seizures

5. Measles

   • Transmission
     • Respiratory Droplet Direct contact with secretions, blood or urine
   • Characteristics
     • Fever Malaise Cough Conjunctivitis Photophobia Koplik Spots in mouth Red rash on face that spreads downward Anorexia Lymphadenopathy Desquamation
   • Complications
     • Otitis Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Obstructive Laryngitis Encephalitis
   • Treatment
     • Supportive care
   • Nursing Management
     • Respiratory Isolation until 5th day of rash Antipyretics Dim lights Examine Cornea for signs of ulceration Vaporizer Tepid Baths

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