OCR A AS Biology

OCR A AS Biology

1. Cell structure

   • Cells and Organelles
   • Organelles Working Together
   • Prokaryotic Cells
   • How Microscopes Work
   • Using Microscopes

2. Biological Molecules

   • Water
   • Carbohydrates
   • Lipids
   • Proteins
   • Macromolecules and Polymers
   • Inorganic Ions
   • Biochemical Tests for Molecules
   • Separating Molecules

3. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

   • Nucleotides
   • Polynucleotides and DNA
   • DNA Replication
   • Genes and Protein Sunthesis
   • Transcription and Translation

4. Enzymes

   • Action of Enzymes
   • Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
   • Enzyme Controlled Reactions
   • Cofactors and Enzyme Inhibition

5. Biological Membranes

   • Cell Membranes - The Basics
   • Cell Membranes and Signalling
   • Diffusion and Osmosis
   • Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport

6. Cell Division and Cellular Organisation

   • The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
   • Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
   • Stem Cells and Differentiation
   • Tissues, Organs and Systems

7. Exchange and Transport

   • Specialised Exchange Systems
   • Gas Exchange in Mammals
   • Ventilation in Mammals
   • Gas Exchange in Fish and Insects
   • Dissecting Gas Exchange Systems

8. Transport in Animals

   • Circulatory Systems
   • Blood Vessels
   • Heart Basics
   • Electrical Activity of the Heart
   • Haemoglobin

9. Transport in Plants

   • Xylem and Phloem
   • Water Transport
   • Translocation
   • Transpiration

10. Disease and the Immune System

    • Pathogens and Communicable Diseases
    • Defence Against Pathogens
    • The Immune System
    • Antibodies
    • Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
    • Immunity and Vaccinations
    • Antibiotics and Other Medicines

11. Biodiversity

    • Investigating Biodiversity
    • Genetic Diversity
    • Factors Affecting Biodiversity
    • Biodiversity and Conservation

12. Classification and Evolution

    • Classification Basics
    • Evolution of Classification Systems
    • Variation
    • Investigating Variation
    • Adaptations
    • Theory of Evolution
    • More on Evolution