Second Language Acquisition - created from Mind Map

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LEARNER CHARACTERISTICS

LEARNER LANGUAGE

PERSPECTIVES/THEORIES

INSTRUCTION

UNIVERSAL FEATURES

APPLIED LINGUISTICS

Intelligence

Language Learning Aptitude

Learning Styles

Personality

Attitudes & Motivation

Motivation in the classroom

Identity & ethnic group affiliation

Learner beliefs

Age

The critical period

Intuitions of grammaticality

Rate of learning

Contrastive Analysis

Error Analysis

Interlanguage

Developmental Sequences

L1 Influence

Sampling it

L1 Acquisition

Perspectives

Language Disorders & Delays

Childhood Bilingualism

0-3 Milestones & Developmental Sequences

Pre-school years

School years

Behaviourist

Innatist

Interactional/Developmental

Behaviourist

Innatist

Cognitive

Sociocultural

Mimicry & memorization

Krashen's ideas about the innateness of linguistic knowledge in SLA are broader than is usual for a nativist

in the sense that he does not restrict himself to syntactic principles. But his views are in

agreement with the idea of many nativists that older learners have this ability

at their disposal to the same degree as younger learners do. Krashen's (1981,

1982, 1985) model is based on five hypotheses, which I will summarize here:

Krashen's 'Monitor Model`

Information processing

Usage-based learning

The competition model

Language & the brain

Interacting, noticing, processing & practising

Learning by talking

Age

Individual Differences

Learning Conditions & Settings

Classroom observation

Ethnography

Proposals

The intersection of styles, strategies & motivation

Evolution

Natural Acquisition

Structure-based instruction

Communicative instruction

Teacher-student interactions

Student-student interactions

Corrective feedback

Questions

Early History

Traditional Methods

Contemporary Trends

Grammar-Translation

CLT

Vocabulary

Pragmatics

Phonology

STRATEGIES

GRAMMAR

Language use

Language Learning

Retrieval

Rehearsal

Communication

Cover

Avoidance/Reduction

Achievement/Compensatory

Stalling/Time gaining

Interactional

Message abandonment

Topic avoidance

Message Replacement

Circumlocution

Describing or exemplifying the target word you

cannot remember:

‘the thing you open bottles with’ (corkscrew)

it becomes water instead of “melt”

Approximation

All-purpose words

Word-coinage

Non-linguistic means

Literal translation

Foreignizing

Code switching

Fillers & hesitation devices

Repetition

Appeal for help

Asking for repetition

Asking for confirmation

Expressing non-understanding

Interpretive summary

Psychological

Skills

Cognitive

Meta-cognitive

Affective

Social

Listening

Reading

Speaking

Writing

Vocabulary

Grammar

Translation