Quiz
General Pathoanatomy Final MCQs (201-300)- 3rd Year- PMU
Perguntas do quiz (100)
1Indicate the correct statement(s) for anemic infarction.
- Athe term is synonym of white infarction
- Bthe term is synonym of red infarction
- Cit develops as a result of absolute ischemia after total obstruction of an "end-type artery"
- Dit mainly affects the lungs and liver
2Indicate the correct statement(s) for hemorrhagic infarction.
- Ait develops in organs with double circulation
- Bit mainly affects the brain and the heart
- Cit affects organs which have contact with the outside environment
- Dit may affect the small intestine
3Indicate the correct statement(s) for gangrene.
- Ait is ischemic necrosis which develops in organs with contact with the external environment
- Bit can be wet or dry
- Cthe dry gangrene is accompanied by severe bacterial infection
- Dit can develop on the extremities, intestines, spleen and kidney
4Which of the following terms are used to describe liquefactive necrosis of the brain?
- Aramolicio cerebri
- Bencephalomalacia
- Cinfarctus anemicus cerebri
- Dhydrocephalus
5Which of the followings are not affected by gangrene?
- Alower limb
- Bliver
- Clung
- Dintestines
6What type of necrosis develops in the spleen?
- Aliquefactive necrosis
- Bcaseous necrosis
- Ccoagulative necrosis
- Dfibrinoid necrosis
7What type of necrosis develops in the brain?
- Acaseous necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Csteatonecrosis
- Dliquefactive necrosis
8What type of necrosis develops in the pancreas?
- Asteatonecrosis/fat necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Cliquefactive necrosis
- Dcaseous necrosis
9What type of necrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis?
- Aliquefactive necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Ccaseous necrosis
- Dsteatonecrosis
10Indicate the correct statement(s) for coagulative necrosis.
- Ait develops in organs composed mainly of proteins and containing less water and enzymes
- B"shadows" of previous structures can be seen microscopically
- Cit develops as a result of acute pancreatitis
- Dthere is total effacement of the previous structures microscopically
11Indicate the correct statement(s) for liquefactive necrosis.
- Ait develops in organs composed mainly of proteins and containing less water and enzymes
- Bit develops in organs which have less proteins but more water and enzymes
- Cit can be seen in the spleen, kidneys, heart
- Dit is most commonly seen in the brain
12In which type of necrosis deposition of sodium, calcium and potassium salts (soaps) can be seen in the cytoplasm of the affected cells?
- Afibrinoid necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Csteatonecrosis
- Dliquefactive necrosis
13What is decubitus/bed sore?
- Aclinicoanatomical form of necrosis
- Bit develops in bed-ridden patients because of the damaged circulation caused by long-term pressure
- Cit develops most commonly at the sacro-lumbar region and on the heels d) it develops usually on the abdomen, chest and knees
- Dit develops ususally on the abdomen, chest and knees
14Indicate the correct type of cells according to their capacity of proliferation.
- Acardiomyocites and striated muscle cells are labile cells
- Bhepatocytes are permanent cells
- Cthe epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract are labile cells
- Dthe epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are stable cells
15What is pseudo-hypertrophy?
- Awhen there is hypertrophy of the parenchymal cells but the organ looks smaller in size
- Bwhen the organ looks bigger in size but there is only hypertrophy of the stromal elements
- Cwhen the organ is normal in size but there is hypertrophy of the parenchymal cells
- Dwhen the organ is normal in size but there is atrophy of the parenchymal cells
16Indicate the correct statement(s) for metaplasia.
- Ait has two subtypes — prosoplasia and anaplasia
- Bit can be direct and indirect
- Cit is the transformation of one differentiated tissue into another related tissue type
- Dit is the transformation of on tissue into cancerous tissue
17Indicate the correct statement(s) for dyspasia.
- Ait is a process of disordered cellular development
- Bit can develop in soft tissues
- Cit can develop in tissues of epithelial origin
- Dit is an adaptive process
18Which of the following tissues can undergo hypertrophy?
- Aheart muscle
- Bbrain membranes
- Cstriated muscles
- Dendothelium of big vessels
19Which of the following tissues can undergo hyperplasia?
- Aglandular mucosa of the uterus
- Bglandular structures of the prostate
- Cred bone marrow
- Dsmooth muscle cells of the uterus
20Corpora amylacea can be seen microscopically in?
- Athe glands of uterine mucosa
- Bthe glands of prostate
- Cthe kidney's convoluted tubules
- Dthe follicles of thyroid gland
21How does the hypertrophic myocardium look like grossly?
- Aenlarged in size
- Bsmaller in size
- Cpapillary muscles are hypertrophic
- Dincreased heart weight
22Hyperplasia of the endometrium can be:
- Adirect and indirect
- Btypical and atypical
- Cwith formation of cysts or with formation of pseudo-cysts
- Ddiffuse and localized
23What are the complications of prostate hyperplasia?
- Aurinary retention, frequent urinary tract infections
- Bsexual dysfunction
- Ctransitional cell carcinoma
- Dhydronephrosis
24Indicate the correct statement(s) for brown atrophy of the liver.
- Ait can happen because of aging
- Bit can happen because of infection diseases or starvation
- Cit can happen because of chronic right sided heart failure
- Dit can be result of Budd-Chiari syndrome
25Which is the pigment of aging?
- Abilirubin
- Bhemosiderin
- Clipofuscin
- Dhematoidin
26Which is the main complication after squamous metaplasia of the respiratory bronchial epithelium?
- Asquamous carcinoma of the bronchus
- Bchronic bronchitis
- Csmall-cell carcinoma
- Dadenocarcinoma of the bronchus
27Post-ischemic, post-compressive, collateral and angioneurotic are types of:
- Achronic systemic venous congestion
- Bacute venous congestion
- Carterial hyperemia
- Dnon of the above
28Which is the term used for edematous fluid?
- Aexudate
- Btransudate
- Chaemorrhage
- Dcyst
29Which are the main characteristics of the transudate?
- Aspecific gravity is less than 1016
- Bspecific gravity is more than 1016
- Cprotein content is less than 3%
- Dprotein content is more than 3%
30Epistaxis and melena are examples for:
- Aedema
- Bexudate
- Chaemorrhages
- Dvenous congestion
31What is hemascos?
- Ablood in the urine
- Bblood in the peritoneal cavity
- Cblood in the excrement
- Dblood vomiting
32What is hematemesis?
- Ablood vomiting
- Bblood in the excrements
- Cnose bleeding
- Dbleeding from the lungs
33What is hemoptoe
- Ableeding from the nose
- Bbleeding from the lungs
- Cblood vomiting
- Dblood in the pleural cavity
34Which are the causes for liver cyanosis?
- Ashock
- Bchronic right sided heart failure
- Cacute right sided heart failure
- Dthrombosis of the hepatic veins
35Which are the causes for nutmeg liver?
- Aacute right sided heart failure
- Bchronic left and right sided heart failure
- Cchronic left sided heart failure
- Dchronic right sided heart failure
36Which of the following organ changes might be of straight or reverse type?
- Anutmeg liver
- Bcyanosis of the liver
- Ccyanosis of the kidneys
- Dbrown induration of the lungs
37Which of the following liver changes is reversible?
- Aliver cirrhosis
- Bliver cyanosis
- Cnutmeg liver
- Dliver amyloidosis
38Pin-point hemorrhages in the brain have usually the following pathogenesis:
- Aper diapedesin
- Bper rhexin
- Cper diabrosin
- Dall of the above
39Can thrombosis develop after death?
- Ayes, this is why we can see blood clots in the vessels after death
- Bno, thrombosis is a pathological process which develops only during lifetime
- Cit can develop both during life and after death
- DIt develops in the agony preceding death
40What is characteristic for the thrombus?
- Adry, crumbly, layered structure
- Bmoist, homogenous strucure
- Cattached to the vessel's wall
- Dunattached to the vessel's wall
41What is characteristic for the post-mortem blood clot?
- Adry, crumbly, layered structure
- Bmoist, homogenous structure
- Cattached to the vessel's wall
- Dunattached to the vessel's wall
42Indicate types of embolism depending on the content of embolus.
- Agas, air, amniotic
- Bthromboembolism, fat embolism
- Carterial, venous
- Dorthograde, retrograde, paradoxal
43Indicate types of embolism according to the way of blood flow.
- Agas, air, thromboembolism, amniotic, fat, parasite
- Borthograde, retrograde
- Carterial, venous
- Dparadoxical
44Indicate types of embolism according to the character of the obturated blood vessel
- Athromboembolism, amniotic, fat, gas, air embolism
- Barterial
- Cvenous
- Dorthograde, retrograde, paradoxical
45Is it possible to prevent embolism?
- Ano, it is something we cannot control or prevent
- Byes, by using anticoagulants
- Cyes, by exercise in bed ridden patient and early getting up from bed after operation
- Dyes, by staying in bed without moving after operation
46In which organ hemorrhagic infarction can develop?
- Ain organs with nutritive and functional blood circulation
- Bin organs with nutritive circulation only
- Cin organs with many anastomoses
- Dhemorrhagic infarction can develop in any organ
47Indicate the organ(s) where hemorrhagic infarction is possible.
- Aliver
- Bheart
- Clung
- Dintestine
48How can we prove amniotic embolism?
- Amicroscopically, by finding amniotic fluid in the left heart ventricle
- Bgrossly, by finding amniotic fluid in the right heart ventricle
- Cmicroscopically, by finding amniotic particles such as lanugo, meconium etc. in the lungs
- Dgrossly, by finding amniotic particles in the lungs
49Why does gas embolism develop?
- Abecause of the dissolution of blood gases, especially azotic oxide, caused by fast decompression
- Bbecause of the dissolution of bood gases, especially type, caused by fast compression
- Cbecause the negative pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
- Dbecause the positive pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
50What is needed for the development of hemorrhagic infarction the lung?
- Adouble circulation of the lung
- Bthrombosis of a branch of a. broncialis
- Cthrombosis of a branch of a. pulmonalis
- Dchronic venous stagnation
51What is the most common cause for the development of anemic infarction of the brain?
- Athrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri anterior
- Bthrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri media
- Cthrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri posterior
- Dthrombosis or embolism of a. basillaris
52What is the gross appearance of a previous anemic infarction of the brain?
- Afresh liquefactive necrosis
- Bbrain cyst
- Cbrain pseudocyst
- Dirregular red-coloured area
53In which cases inflammation is injuring the tissues instead of protecting them?
- Ain autoimmune diseases
- Bin neoplastic diseases
- Cin immunodeficiency diseases
- Din congenital anomalies
54Indicate the correct statements
- Agangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
- Bsevere inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
- Cgangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
- Dinflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after the necrosis
55What is catarrhal inflammation?
- Atype of acute inflammation
- Bsubtype of serous inflammation in the respiratory tract
- Csubtype of fibrinous inflammation in the respiratory tract
- Dsubtype of serous inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract
56What is putrefactive inflammation?
- Asynonym of gangrenous inflammation
- Btype of acute inflammation
- Ctype of chronic inflammation
- Dsubtype of purulent inflammation
57Which are the subtypes of fibrinous inflammation?
- Aphegmona
- Bhemorrhagic
- Csuperficial (crouposa)
- Ddeep (diphtheria)
58Which are the subtypes of purulent inflammation?
- Alimited, called abscess
- Blimited, called phegmona
- Cdiffuse called abscess
- Ddiffuse called phlegmona
59Hemorrhagic, purulent, fibrinous, gangrenous, serous are types of:
- Aacute inflammation
- Bchronic inflammation
60Indicate type(s) of acute inflammation.
- Apolyp
- Bspecific granuloma and non specific granuloma
- Cpurulent, serous, fibrinous
- Dproductive
61The gross appearance "Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium" describes:
- Achronic pericarditis
- Bfibrinous myocarditis
- Cfibrinous pericarditis
- Dacute pericarditis
62Which are the cells that infiltrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
- Alymphocytes and plasma cells
- Bbasophiles
- Cneutrophils
- Dgiant multinucleated cells
63What is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis?
- Ahyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
- Bhyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
- Cyellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
- Dclear cerebro-spinal fluid
64Which are the cells of acute inflammation?
- Agiant cells
- Bmacrophages
- Clymphocytes
- Dneutrophils
65Which are the systemic signs of inflammation?
- Aleukocytosis
- Bfever
- Crubor, dolor, calor
- Dtumor, funcio laesa
66Which are the local signs of acute inflammation?
- Acalor, tumor, rubor
- Bfever
- Cdolor, funcio laesa
- Dshock
67Which cells are the first line of defense in acute inflammation?
- Alymphocytes
- Bmacrophages
- Cneutrophils
- Dmonocytes
68Which are the main histological signs for chronic inflammatory process?
- Apresence of exudate
- Black of exudate
- Cabundance of cells — lymphocytes, plasma cells, epitheloid cells, giant cells, fibroblasts
- Dabundance of cells —neutrophils
69Granulation tissue develops:
- Aafter necrosis
- Bbecause of chronic inflammation
- Cbecause of catarrhal inflammaton
- Din relation to wound-healing
70Indicate the correct answer.
- ALipo-granuloma and oleo-granuoma are examples of foreign body granulomas
- BLipogranuloma and oleograuloma are examples of specific granulomas
- COleogranuloma means granuloma against exogenous lipids, while lipogranuloma means granuloma against endogenous lipids
- DOleogranuloma means granuloma against endogenus Ipids while lipogranuloma means granuloma against exogenous lipids
71Indicate the correct statement(s).
- Athe acute abscess doesn't have its own membrane
- Bthe chronic abscess has specific membrane called pyogenic
- Cboth acute and chronic abscess have pyogenic membranes
- Dpyogenic membrane is typical only for acute abscess
72Which of the following is not microscopic characteristic of granulation tissue?
- Aabundance of capillaries with plump endothelial cells
- Babundance of strong fibrin fibers
- Cabundance of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, fibroblasts
- Dabundance of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophiles
73Indicate the types of chronic inflammation
- Adiffuse (interstitial)
- Bfibrinous
- Cpolypoid
- Dgranulomatous
74What is the outcome of granulation tissue?
- Anecrosis
- Bscar
- Ctumor
- Dabscess
75What is a nasal polyp?
- Achronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa
- Bacute inflammation of the nasal mucosa
- Cit is usually related to allergy
- Dit is a benign tumor developing in the nose
76The giant cells type "foreign body" are derived from:
- Alymphocytes
- Bneutrophiles
- Cmacrophages
- Depitheloid cells
77Which of the following cannot cause foreign body granuloma?
- Asurgical threads
- Bparasites
- Cfungi
- Dlipids
78Hydatid cysts affect most commonly:
- Athe brain
- Bthe heart
- Cthe spleen
- Dthe liver
79Which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
- Abrain
- Bliver
- Clung
- Dkidney
80The following description indicates: Focal aggregates in the form of nodules of cells with phagocytic ability. The diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically.
- Agranulomas
- Bmetastases
- Cpolyps
- Dgranulation tissue
81Which are the main signs of granulomatous inflammation?
- Aformation of specific exudate and granulation tissue
- Bdiffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and pasma cells
- Cformation of specific or non-specific granulomas
- Dformation of polyps
82Which are the factors that lead to formation of granulomas?
- Adifficulties in phagocytosis of the pathological agent
- Bthe immune reaction of the organism
- Cspecific structures of the pathological agents
- Dall of the listed above
83What does the term 'specific inflammation' mean?
- Atype of granulomatous inflammation which characterizes with specific arrangement of the chronic inflammatory cells, pathognomonic for a particular etiologic agent
- Btype of granulomatous inflammation with disordered arrangement of the inflammatory cells
- Cdiffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
- Dtype of granulomatous inflammation which characterizes with specific arrangement of the acute inflammatory cells, pathognomonic for a particular etiologic agent
84What type of productive inflammation develops around parasites?
- Aspecific granulomatous inflammation
- Bnon-specific granulomatous inflammation
- Cpolypoid inflammation
- Ddiffuse inflammation
85What type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
- Acaseous necrosis
- Bliquefactive necrosis
- Ccoagulative necrosis
- Dfibrinoid necrosis
86Which of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
- AGiant cells type Langhans
- BEpitheloid cells
- CTuton giant cells
- DLymphocytes
87The giant cells type Langhans are derived from:
- Amacrophages
- Bepitheloid cells
- Clymphocytes
- Dmonocytes
88Which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe
- ATuton giant cells
- BForeign body giant cells
- CLanghans giant cells
- Dnone of the above
89In which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
- Afirst
- Bsecond
- Cthird
- Dthey develop in all stages
90What type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas?
- Aclay-like
- Bcaseous
- Cliquefactive
- Dcoagulative
91What type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
- Acaseous
- Bcoagulative
- Cliquefactive
- Dgummous
92Mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis.
- Ahas three stages of development
- Bhas cervical, abdominal and thoracic forms
- Cgrossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
- Dgrossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
93Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibres, Shaumann bodies.
- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Crheumatism
- Dsyphilis
94Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a grauloma: Gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, fibroblasts.
- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Crheumatism
- Dsyphilis
95The sulfur granule is characteristic for:
- Atuberculosis
- Bfelinosis
- Cactinomycosis
- Dleprosy
96Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description Of a granuloma. Fibrinoid necrosis, surrouned by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff.
- Atuberculosis
- Brheumatoid arthritis
- Csyphilis
- Drheumatism
97What changes can be seen in the immune organs in immune deficiency?
- Ahyperplasia
- Bhypoplasia
- Catrophy
- Dhypertrophy
98What histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis.
- Aunchanged
- Binfiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
- Cfibrosis
- Dformation of lymph follicles
99The histological changes in Hashimoto thyroiditis affect:
- Aentire thyroid gland
- Bmarkedly focal
100The thyroid follicles in Hashimoto thyroiditis are:
- Aunchanged
- Bdilated
- Cpolymorphous
- Dsmaller
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