Flashcards
Memory
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1name the three key memory processes- encoding
- storage
- retrieval - 2define 'coding'the process of converting information from one form to another
- 3define 'capacity'the amount of information that can be held in a memory store
- 4define 'duration'the length of time information can be held in memory
- 5define 'short-term memory'the limited-capacity memory store. Coding is usually acoustic (sounds), capacity is between 5 and 9 items on average, duration is between about 18-30 seconds.
- 6define 'long-term memory'the permanent memory store. Coding is mainly semantic (meaning), it has unlimited capacity and can store memories for up to a lifetime.
- 7name the three sections in Multi Store Memory Model- sensory register
- short term memory
- long term memory - 8describe the encoding, duration and capacity of the sensory registerencoding= Modality specific e.g Iconic (coding visually) and Echoic (coding acoustically)
duration= Less than half a second
capacity= high capacity e.g. over 100,000,000 cells in one eye, each storing data - 9describe the encoding, duration and capacity of short term memoryencoding= mainly acoustic
duration= 18-30 seconds
capacity= between 5-9 items (7+/- 2 items) - 10describe the encoding, duration and capacity of long term memoryencoding= mainly semantic
duration= lifetime
capacity= unlimited - 11how can information be lost in the sensory registerthrough decay
- 12how can information be lost in the short term memorythrough decay or displacement
- 13how can information be lost in the long term memorythrough decay/ retrieval/ failure interference
- 14how can we move information from the sensory register to the STMby attention
- 15how can we move information from the STM to the LTMby prolonged rehearsal
- 16how can we move information from LTM to STMby retrieval
- 17describe how MSM can be contradicted by a study which shows there is 'more than one type of STM'- shallice and warrington studied KF (a patient with amnesia)
- they found that his recall of words when they were spoken to him was significantly less than his recall when he was able to look at and read the words himself
- this shows there must be at least two separate stores in STM, one for verbal input, and one for non-verbal input.
- this disproves MSM because STM is described as a unitary store - 18describe how MSM can be contradicted by a study that shows there is 'more than one type of rehearsal'- MSM states that the amount of rehearsal is what matters (the more you rehearse something, the better you remember it)
- But, Craik and Watkins found that what really matters is the TYPE of rehearsal.
- Maintenance rehearsal is described in MSM, but this does not transfer info into LTM. Elaborative rehearsal is needed to transfer info into LTM.
- this is another limitation for MSM because it is another research finding that cannot be explained by MSM. - 19explain how 'artificial materials' is a limitation to MSM- alot of the studies that provide support for MSM made people recall numbers, letters or words in their studies.
- these are not what we would have to remember in everyday life so it is unrealistic that people will be able to recall this information
Informações
- Descrição
- A level Psychology FlashCards sobre Memory, criado por sophie cons em 11-09-2017.
- Criado por
- sophie cons
- Visualizações
- 0
- Avaliação