Flashcards
Interrogations and Confessions
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1Why do police focus so heavily on Confessions?There's a large amount of pressure to solve the crimes, Suspects who confess are more likely to plead guilty, confessions sway jurors the most.
- 2Inbau, Reid & Buckley (1986) designed a nine-step procedure in eliciting confessions:1. Confront suspect with their guilt
2. Develop Psychological 'themes' that justify or excuse the crime
3. Interrupt all statements of denial
4. Overcome the subjects objections to the charges
5. Ensure that they don't tune out
6. Show sympathy and understanding
7. Offer suspect a 'face saving' alternative
8. Get suspect to recount the crime
9. Convert statement into written confession - 3With regards to Inbau et al (1986) nine-step interrogation, what will an innocent suspect do in comparison to a guilty suspect?An innocent suspect will give concise answers and sit upright but not rigid.
A guilty suspect will fail to make eye contact and be overly polite. - 4Define False Positive and False Negative:A False Positive is when the suspect confesses but isn't guilty.
A False Negative is when the suspect doesn't confess but is guilty. - 5Why is it difficult to find supporting data for confession studies?A confession may be true, even if coerced, but later retracted.
A confession may be false even if the suspect is convicted. - 6According to Kassin & Wrightsman (1985), what types of False Confessions are there?Voluntary False Confessions
Coerced Compliant Confessions
Coerced Internalized Confessions - 7Define Voluntary False confessions and why it may occur?A self-incriminating statement that is offered without external pressure. Normally to protect friends or relatives or for self-accepting reasons.
- 8Define Coerced Compliant Confessions and why they may occur?A self-incriminating statement that is obtained after intense pressure. Normally this occurs because the suspect wants to get out of or avoid the interrogation.
Suspect knows they are innocent. - 9Define Coerced Internalized Confessions and why it occurs?An innocent suspect begins to believe they committed the crime due to the coercive interrogation.
The original memories may disappear therefore the false memory is only there. - 10What did Kassin et al. (2005) police assumption study aim to investigate:The assumption of police officers that they'd be able to detect false confessions.
- 11What was the design and results Kassin et al (2005) first experiment in regards to police false confession detection?Undergrads and police were exposed to prison inmates confessing crimes.
Whether the confessions were true and their presentation (video or audio) were manipulated.
It was found that overall the accuracy was 54% (just above chance) and police were more confident in their judgements.
This showed police didn't know shit they also lent heavily towards guilty verdicts. - 12What happened in Kassin et al (2005) second experiment?This time participants were told that half were true and half false. This eliminated the guilt bias police had but didn't affect accuracy or confidence.
- 13Kassin & Kiechel (1996) conducted an experiment to see how easy it was to develop coerced internalization, discuss the method and the results.Undergrads participated in the "alt" computer experiment where they were asked to type out the list of words but not hit alt.
The computer crashed 60 seconds into the experiment and participants were then asked if they hit the alt key.
The pace of the task and presence of a 'witness' were manipulated.
It was found that if vulnerability (pace) was high or false evidence was produced then there was more likely to be a confession that they hit the alt key and internalization. - 14Russano et al (2005) conducted a cheating experiment in which a participant cheated and then was asked if they cheated using two styles, describe the styles and results?Participants were either asked in a maximising way or minimizing way, then were offered a deal or no deal.
It was found that participants when dealt with minimilization were more likely to confess when it was true they cheated but it also happened to increase false confessions. - 15What are the two types of interviewing style?Information-gathering - asking open-ended exploratory questions by generating rapport.
Accusatory style - Asking close-ended questions to try and get a confession - 16What does an accusatory interview usually entail?1) Control of the subject usually by location
2) Confrontation with facts and evidence, also punishments
3) Minimization of the crime (pretence of more lenient sentencing) - 17Perceived tell-tale signs of deceit, nervousness, sweating, fidgeting, confusion and hostility aren't accurate because?When an individual is stressed they have the same physiological reactions to "deceit". Therefore if the individual is telling the truth then they may still show the same signs as a "deceitful" person.
- 18Define Point-of-view Bias and Recap bias:Point-of-view bias is when having the camera pointing over the shoulder of the investigator towards the suspect, there is an underestimation of how much pressure the detective is placing, therefore confussion in what's taking place.
Recap bias - by placing snippets of the interview, prosecution can sway the jury that the defendant acts in a certain way.
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- Descrição
- Psychology (PSYC323) FlashCards sobre Interrogations and Confessions, criado por Kalib Edwards em 07-05-2018.
- Criado por
- Kalib Edwards · mai 2018
- Atualizado
- 8 mai 2018
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