Flashcards
Developmental Psychology Lecture 3 Notes
Flashcards do conjunto (16)
- 1What are the things to remember about Jean Piaget?Huge impact on developmental psychology
Prolific writer – 50 books & many articles
Known for innovative methods & his “Grand” Theory
Biologist by training & epistemologist by inclination
Added the mechanisms of biological adaption with the origins and nature of logical thought.
He asked what changes (he believed the developmental stages) and why it changes (he believed adaptation processes) - 2How do young children learn?They’re using evidence from their “experiments” on objects & events to construct and test schemas (Theories; mental structures)
- 3What are the 2 stages of adaption that children go through when learning?Assimilation and Accommodation.
- 4Explain the stage of Assimilation in adaption.Process of taking new information or a new experience and fitting it into an already existing schema (infants try sucking toys)
- 5Explain the stage of Accommodation in adaption.Process by which existing schemas are changed or new schemas are created in order to fit new information
- 6What are the 3 main aspects of Piaget's theory?Interactionist – Interplay between nature and nurture
Constructivist – Children play an active role
Knowledge is neither innate nor learned passively - 7What are the rules of Piaget's theory?- This is universal
- Each stage is qualitatively different
- Children don’t just become better types of thinkers, they become different types of thinkers
- Can’t skip through stages
- Stages are invariant
- Within stages the child’s thinking is of a similar type (Domain Independent theory) - 8What are the 4 stages within Piaget's theory?Sensorimotor – 0-24 months (infancy)
Pre-Operational – 2-7 years (Early childhood)
Concrete Operational – 7-11 years (late childhood)
Formal Operational – 11 years until death - 9What are the milestones of the Sensorimotor stage?0-1 months: Exercise of innate reflexes. (Sucking, arm movements).
2-3 months: Development of schemas. Perception begins here. Beginning of co-ordination of schemas (seeing + grabbing).
4-8 months: Outward directed activity. Reinforced behaviour.
8-12 months: Intentional means-end behaviour (will do things to make other things happen).
12-18 months: Trial and error learning.
18 months: Symbolic thought. - 10What are the important parts of the Pre-Operational Thinking stage?Development of symbolic function (language, symbolic play, etc.).
Beginning to represent actions mentally (but not in a coordinated, coherent way).
Egocentric, as in they can’t distinguish & coordinate alternative viewpoints. Can consider only one perspective/dimension at a time.
They think intuitively rather than logically. - 11What are the important parts of the Concrete Operational stage?Success on previous tasks = evidence that thinking is “operational”.
Child can reason logically about changes and can coordinate different perspectives only with respect to ‘concrete’ (real/observable) objects. - 12What are the important parts of the Formal Operational stage?Difference in male-female body size (or other traits)
Male-Male competition: High dimorphism
Normally found in polygynous species - 13Explain the Object Concept.Initially, objects are not independent of infant (0-8 months). Works like “out of sight, out of mind”. No search for covered objects.
From 9-17 months, they begin to understand object permanence (just because you can’t see it, doesn’t mean it’s not there)
Proven by the “A not B error” (look it up). The explanation is that the child has yet to grasp that the object is independent of their actions. - 14Explain Egocentric Thought.Inability to understand other peoples’ viewpoints.
Seen in the “3 mountains” task (spatial perspective taking).
Piaget argues children are naturally egocentric, they are unable to understand someone else’s viewpoint. - 15Explain Conservation Failure.Children under 7 years fail to conserve number equality.
Very 1 dimensional viewpoint.
Can’t understand that quantity is conserved, they take the amount at face value. (Focus on only one dimension of the stimulus)
Due to children lacking understanding of some basic logic principles (reversibility, compensation, etc.).
Class inclusion, so they can’t reason about classes/sub-classes very well. - 16Explain Animism.They have a belief that inanimate objects have human feelings. For preoperational children, the world is alive, conscious, and has a purpose.
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- Psychology (Developmental Psychology) FlashCards sobre Developmental Psychology Lecture 3 Notes, criado por Aaron Thain em 30-01-2019.
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- Aaron Thain
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