Flashcards
Reading 3
Flashcards do conjunto (24)
- 1What is the true slope?The mean slope you would obtain if you repeated your analysis innumerable times using a series of similar samples.
- 2What 2 approaches are there to test the uncertainty around the true slope?1. Calculate a confidence interval around the slope.
2. Test the statistical significance of the slope by calculating a t ratio. - 3Range of values around the slope with a given probability of including the true slope.Confidence interval
- 4What does a 95% confidence interval say about the true slope?There is a 95% probability that the true slope will fall within the confidence interval.
- 5What is the amount of uncertainty estimated by?The standard error of the slope
- 6True/False: The null hypothesis is the proposition that the true slope is one.False ... that the true slope is ZERO.
- 7What does a null hypothesis imply? (2 reasons)(1) The independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable, and (2) the slope calculated in a sample is a result of nothing more than chance.
- 8What would support the null hypothesis?If the slope is judged to occur frequently by chance.
- 9What is a research hypothesis?A hypothesis that purports a relationship between the independent and dependent variable.
- 10What criterion constitutes "infrequently by chance"? What is it referred to as?It should occur no more than 5% of the time by chance (referred to as alpha).
- 11When is a slope said to be statistically significant?When its frequency of occurring by chance is less than or equal to 5% (alpha).
- 12Which alpha percentage gives more leniency to a statistically significant number: 10% or 1%?10% - to be considered statistically significant the slope should occur no more than 10% of the time by chance.
- 13In reference to the comparison between t(calc) and t(table), when is a slope significant?When the absolute value of t(calc) is greater than or equal to the t(table).
- 14Correct positiveThe slope is found to be statistically significant and, in reality, the true slope is not zero.
- 15PowerThe probability of a correct positive decision (1 - beta).
- 16Correct negativeThe slope is not statistically significant and, in reality, the true slope is zero.
- 17False positiveThe slope is found to be statistically significant, but, in reality, the true slope is zero.
- 18A false positive is often called a Type One Error. What is the probability of making a type one error equal to?It is equal to alpha.
- 19False negativeThe slope is not statistically significant, but, in reality, the true slope is not zero.
- 20A false negative decision is called a Type Two Error. What is it equal to?1 minus power
(remember: power refers to the probability of getting a correct positive)
- termed beta - 21True/False: The steeper the slope, the weaker the effect of the independent variable.False
- 22True/False: The effect of an independent variable is not a function of sample size.True
- 23Other things equal, how does a larger sample size affect the t ratio and probability?As the sample size increases:
- t ratio gets larger
- probability gets smaller - 24Give an example showing that the effect of an independent variable is not a function of sample size.Scotch's effect on the central nervous system.
Informações
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- Research methods - Reading 3 (Originally from Amrit)
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- tyson.schierholt
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- Criado por Amrit Bhogal · 4 abr 2015
- Copiado por tyson.schierholt · 4 abr 2015
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