Flashcards
cognitive interview
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1According to research collected in the 1980s, how were participants questioned using a standard interview?- Bombarded with a series of direct, closed ended questions
- Often interrupted
- Not allowed to talk freely
- Rushed through details - 2What effect would a standard interview have on the witnesses' ability to recall details of crime?This would make recall accuracy worse as the participants would feel anxious and possibly led into saying things that aren't accurate
- 3Who developed the cognitive interview?Geiselman and Fisher
- 4What does the cognitive interview involve?Minimising distractions, actively listening to the witness, asking open ended questions, avoiding interrupting and avoiding making judgemental questions.
- 5What are cognitive interviews based on?Psychological principles concerning effective memory recall
- 6What do cognitive interviews use to help witnesses recall details of their crime more accurately?retrieval cues
- 7What are the 4 components of the cognitive interview?- report everything, change order, change in perspective, context reinstatement
- 8What is the witness instructed to do in the 'report everything' component?The witness is asked to report every single detail, no matter how trivial or insignificant it might seem.
- 9why does 'report everything' help accurate recall?The witness is allowed to speak freely and not under pressure.
- 10What is the witness instructed to do in the 'context reinstatement' condition?The witness is asked to mentally recreate the environment where the incident took place and recall the details of the scene, the thoughts and feelings at the time of the incident and events leading up to the crime.
- 11why does the 'context reinstatement' component help accurate recallGives the eyewitness context cues which could help trigger memories
- 12What is the witness instructed to do in the 'change order' componentThe witness is asked to report the events in different chronological orders, moving backwards and forwards in time. This may involve recalling the events in reverse order.
- 13Why does the 'change order' component help accurate recall?They have to think about things that they may not necessarily find important but is valid to the case
- 14What are witnesses instructed to do in the 'change perspective' condition?The witness reports the events from a different perspective. This may include reporting events from how they would appear from other viewpoints or other witnesses.
- 15Why would the 'change perspective' component help accurate recall?It gives the police information that may unearth other clues, helping them create the bigger picture
- 16What is a strength of the cognitive interview?There is supporting evidence for the cognitive interview. Geiselman et al did an investigation where participants were shown a simulated crime video and were questioned using either a standard interview, a cognitive interview or hypnosis. The standard interview gave 29% accurate recall, the cognitive interview gave 41% accurate recall and hypnosis gave 38% accurate recall. Also, FIsher trained police officers in Miami to use the cognitive interview with real eyewitnesses and found that witnesses recalled significantly more detail. This adds validity to the cognitive interview as it shows that it is an effective technique
- 17What is a weakness of the cognitive interview?There are some practical problems with the cognitive interview. To be able to use the cognitive interview, police officers must take part in costly and time consuming training. Also, the interview itself is much more time consuming than a standard interview and there is often not enough time for all 4 techniques to be used. This means that it may not be practical for all police forces to use this technique
- 18What is another weakness of the cognitive interview?Not all aspects of the cognitive interview are viewed favorably. In a survey of UK police forces, only the 'report everything' and 'context reinstatement' aspects were used as it was believed that the 'changing perspectives' component misled participants into speculating about events. This means that although the cognitive interview gives us more information, we cannot confirm this information is accurate
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- GCSE Psychology FlashCards sobre cognitive interview, criado por Emily Mawson em 03-09-2020.
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- Emily Mawson
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