Flashcards
Unit 2
Flashcards do conjunto (58)
- 1What is an Element?any substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions
- 2What is a Compound?a substance formed by atoms joined by chemical bonds
- 3What is an Essential Element?an element required by all organisms to live a healthy life and reproduce
- 4What are Trace Elements?elements required by organisms but only in minute qualities
- 5What is the Atomic Number?number of protons in an atom
- 6What is the Atomic Mass?total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
- 7What is an Isotope?have the same number of protons but different amounts of neutrons
- 8What shell has the highest energy levels?The outermost shell
- 9What is potential energy?the energy that matter possess based on its position and structure
- 10what are valence electrons?Electrons in the outermost shell
- 11What is the molecular formula for water?H₂O
- 12what is the molecular formula for Carbon Dioxide?CO₂
- 13What is the molecular formula for Methane?CH₄
- 14What is the molecular formula for oxygen?O₂
- 15What is Electronegativity?the attraction of a given atom from the electrons of a covalent bond
- 16Whats the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond and a polar covalent bondNonpolar covalent bonds share electrons between two atoms with shared electronegativity, while polar covalent bonds do not share electrons.
- 17Define anion and cationAnions are negatively charged ions, while cations are positively charged. In the example sodium is a cation
- 18What is a hydrogen bond?a hydrogen bond is a weak chemical bond where a positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
- 19What are the strongest chemical bondscovalent
- 20What is dynamic equilibrium?when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal
- 21What 4 elements make up 96% of life?Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
- 22What elements make up 4% of life?Phosphorous, Sulfur, Calcium, Potassium
- 23What holds together multiple water moleculeshydrogen bonds
- 24What holds together A water moleculepolar covalent bond
- 25What is ionizationprocess of spontaneous ion formation
- 26what does pH affect?molecule shape
- 27what do buffers doneutralize acidic substances
- 28which half of the pH scale is there more [H⁺]10⁰ - 10⁻⁷
- 29What half of pH scale has less [H⁺]10⁷ - 10⁻¹⁴
- 30what half of the pH scale is the ther less [OH⁻]10⁰ - 10⁻⁷
- 31what half of the pH scale has more [OH⁻]10⁻⁷ - 10⁻¹⁴
- 32What is organic chemestrystudy of carbon compounds
- 33What are hydrocarbonshydrogen and carbon formed by stable covalent bonds that are gasses at room temp
- 34What are isomersmolecules that has the same molecule formula w/ different structures
- 35List bonds and interactions from strongest to weakestCovalent Bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der waal interaction
- 36What are the main functional groups?Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, methyl, aminos, sulfhydryl, phosphate
- 37What is the chemical formula for hydroxyl- OH
- 38What are the characteristics of hydroxylpolar/hydrophilic, water soluble, substances end in -ol, alcohol
- 39what is the chemical formula for carbonylC =O
- 40Characteristics of carbonylIf c=o is at the end of molecular skeleton= aldehyde
If c=o is in the middle of the molecular skeleton= keton - 41what is an example of an aldehydeglucose
- 42what is an example of a ketonefructose
- 43What is the chemical formula of carboxyl-COOH
- 44Characteristics of carboxylacts as an acid because it donates hydrogen⁺ ions
- 45What is the chemical structure of methyl?hydrocarbons
- 46what is the methyl group (hydrocarbons) used for?used to make chemicals stable and non-polar
- 47What is the chemical structure of sulfhydryl-SH
- 48what is the function of sulfhydrylstabilizes tertiary protein structure
- 49what is the chemical formula of phosphates-PO4
- 50what are the properties of phosphateshighly electronegative, very reactive, store and transfer energy
- 51structural isomersatoms in two carbon skeletons are arranged in completely different orders but have the same formulas
- 52geometric isomers(cis-trans isomers) the hydrogens are placed on opposite sides
- 53entantimorsmirror image skeletons
- 54what is the chemical bond between amino acidspeptide bonds
- 55what is the covalent bond that combine carbohydratesglycosidic linkages
- 56what bonds lipids togetherester linkages
- 57what bonds nucleic acids togetherphosphodiester bonds(for the back bone)
hydrogen bonds(dot bases) - 58—
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- AP Ap-Biology ( biochemistry ) FlashCards sobre Unit 2, criado por Nevaeh Dickerson em 04-11-2022.
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- Nevaeh Dickerson
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