Flashcards
poisonous plants
Flashcards do conjunto (108)
- 1Thiaminase PlantsBracken ferns
Horsetails
Scouring rush
Sensitive ferns, potentially - 2—sensitive fern
thiaminase potentially
symptoms: liver disease (swollen fatty), edema of brain (yawning),
horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse) - 3—Bracken Fern
thiaminase: horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)
ptaquiloside: aplastic anemia factor (hemorrhage, mucous /bloody nose, blood in joints/ lamness, edema of throat)
bright blindness in sheep
carcinogen (ileum and bladder)
- 4—horse tail
thiaminase: horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)
- 5—Scouring rush
horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)
- 6anticoagulant plantsmoldy sweet clover
Sweet vernal grass - 7—sweet clover
when moldy it becomes an vit K anticoagulant
coumarin -> dicoumarol by mold
symptoms : hemorrhage, hematomas, anemias, bloody milk, death, stiffness
tx: vt K, blood transfusions, stop feeding it
- 8—sweet vernal grass
coumarin-> dicourmarol by mold
symptoms : hemorrhage, hematomas, anemias, bloody milk, death, stiffness
tx: vt K, blood transfusions, stop feeding it
- 9Nitrate plantscrops:
oats (green hay/ chop), corn (safe after tassels), sudan grass, wheat, barley, rye, beet tops, rape, soybean, flax, alfalfa
weeds:
pigweed, lamb's quarter, Canadian thistle - 10Nitrate poisoningsRumen protects by turning it into ammonia
hemoglobin->methemoglobin
symptoms:
Fertilizers: severe gastroenteritis, ptyalism, colic, V/D, abortion
Brown MM, dyspnea, emphysema, muscle tremors, weak, staggers, cyanosis, urination, down, convulsions, abortion
test: aqueous humor
treat: methylene blue - 11—Pigweed
nitrates-> methemoglobin
perirenal edema, hyperkalemia, weakness, ataxia, depression,
- 12—lamb's quater
nitrates-> methemoglobins
- 13—sudan grass
nitrates-> methemoglobins
- 14—red leaf maple (3-5 lobes)
Heinz bodies hemolytic anemia
unknown: gallic acid?
symptoms: anorexia, depression, icterus, brown MM, increased resp, down and comatose, death day 6
- 15—box elder
seasonal pasture associated myopathy
- 16—Norway maple: tarspot fungus
myopathy in horses?
- 17—pistacia
similar to hemolytic anemia in horses= red leaf maple
also has gallic acid
- 18oxalate plantshalogeton
rhubarb
greasewood
Dock: rumex
beet tops - 19Oxalate symptomsrumen can adapt over time and turn to Ca carb.
nephrosis, oxalate calculi (red-bown urine, uremia, crystals in kidney, blood, bladder)
GI irritation (colic, diarrhea, rumenitis, hepatitis)
Hypocalcemia -> osteodystrophia fibrosa., (neuro, weakness, semi-comatose. bloat, low gi mobility, head to side, hemorrhage) - 20ethylene glycoloxalate source
- 21—halogeton
oxalates, in the west-> sheep
nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation
- 22—greasewood
oxalates, in the west
nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation
- 23—dock
oxalates, cattle and sheep
nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation
- 24—burdock
conjunctivitis, can cause granulomas
NOT rhubarb
plant awns do similar things
- 25—beets
oxalates, crop
nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irriation
- 26Calcium oxalate plantsPhilodendron
Dumbcane
Jack-in-the-pulpit
skunk cabbage
Monstera
caladium
peace lily/ flower
pothos - 27Calcium oxalate symptomsinsoluble raphides + proteolytic enzymes that pierce MM.
Oral burning, salivation, head shaking, edema of oral tissues, - 28—Jack in the pulpit (2 leaves with 3 leaflets, cluster of red fruit)
calcium oxalate
oral irritation
- 29—skunk cabbage
calcium oxalate
oral irritation
- 30—caladium
calcium oxalate
oral irritation
- 31—philodendron
calcium oxalate
oral irritation
- 32—pothos
calcium oxalate
oral irritation
- 33—peace lily/ flower
calcium oxalate
oral irritation
- 34—poinsettia
skin irritation and GI upset
- 35—pencil tree
tirucalli is extremely irritating to the skin and mucosa and is toxic. Exposure to it can cause temporary blindness. Skin contact causes severe irritation, redness and a burning sensation (google)
- 36mistletoegastric-irritating alkaloids, cardiac toxins (viscotoxins, phoratoxins), and lectins (google)
- 37irisin all parts of plant, especially the rhizome
muscle tremors and weakness, bleeding, ulcers, V/D (google) - 38narcissusdaffodils and jonquils
alkaloids: vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, salivation, and increased heart rate (google) - 39—easter lily
kidney failure in cats
- 40day lilynephrotoxic to cats
- 41—castor bean
ricin (prevents protein synthesis)
V/D, convulsions, death, kidney failure
- 42—rosary pea
abrin is similar to ricin
V/D, fever, tachycardia, shock, death
- 43—sago palm
dogs
V, bloody stool, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, jaundice, liver failure
50% fatality
- 44—mother of thousands
sm ruminants, dogs and people in Africa
nuero, convulsions
- 45marijuanaTHC
ataxia, bradycardia, hypothermia, depression, hyper salivation, urinary incontinence, seizures, coma
Intravenous lipid therapy, supportive care, - 46aloe veraoral irritation V/D
- 47cyanide plantscherries, apple, sorghum, flax, white clover, arrowgrass
it accumulates over night, and when soil high in N
wilted or crushed leaves - 48cyanide symptomsCN binds to ferric iron -> mo O2 transport (with bright red blood)
rapid death, tachypnea, dyspnea, involuntary urination and defecation, ptyalism, and lacrimation, tremors, bright pink MM, gasping, dilated pupils
almond odor to ingesta - 49—chokecherry: prunus
smooth leaves, chains of flowers and fruit, shrub
cyanide:
rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
- 50—black cherry: prunus
longer leaf, fuzz on midrib
potato chip bark
cyanide:
rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation.
arthrogryposis in swine
- 51applecyanide in seeds
choke and bloat in ruminant, choke in horses
drunk from fermentatiom too - 52—sorghum
cyanide (safe when mature):
rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
equine sorghum cystitis :sudan grass/sorghum pasture-> ataxia, dribbling, scalding, abortion. Cyanide-> posterior ataxia/ myelomalacia
lamb deformity: big head, long legs,arthrogryposis
- 53—arrowgrass
in marashes, round stem
cyanide:
rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
- 54—flax
cyanide in immature seeds:
rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
- 55—cassava
palmately compound leaf
cyanide:
rapid death, goiters, paralsis
have to ferment to eat?
- 56taxusJapanese, english, Canadian, Hick's yew
aril red fruits, flat needles
Taxine alkaloids
symptoms: (hrs to days) 1 lb kills a cow/ horse with no struggle, anxiety, bradycardia, dyspnea, weakness, recumbency - 57taxus treatrumenotomy, charcoal, calcium, atropine?
do not stress the animal!!!! - 58catnip responsechewing, licking, head rubbing, rolling
last 15 min then 1 hr refractory
others: silver vine, variegated kiwi vine, olive wood
nepetalactone: repels mosquitos - 59plants that cause liver issues-> photosensitizationsType 3 photo sens.
lantana
horse brush
senecio
agave, nolina
Pithomyces
aslike clovers
blue green algae - 60plants that cause photosensitizations from providing the chemical directly (phylloerythrin) primarySt. Johnswort
buckwheat
phenothiazine
aphids on burr trefoil
spring parsley
bishop's weed
tetracycline, doxyclycline
lush alfalfa - 61symptoms of photosensitizationfacial edema, ulceration and burns on white pigmented skin, erythema, pruritus, necrosis, sloughing of skin,
- 62Treat photosensitizationlaxative, stop feeding heat, antibiotics, feed hay
- 63—St Johnswort
primary photosensitization
- 64—buckwheat
primary photosensitization
- 65lantanatype 3 photosensitization
liver damage-> skin burns - 66—horse brush
type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
liver damage-> skin burns
big head sheep+ black sage
- 67—ragwort
type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
pyrrolizidine alkaloids
liver damage-> skin burns
horses
- 68—fiddleneck
type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
liver damage-> skin burns
horses
- 69—rattlebox
type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
liver damage-> skin burns
- 70Pithomyces chartarumfungus on rye grass in NZ
chronic liver fibrosis
short pastures= issues
prevent with zinc - 71—alsike clover
no chevron on leaf
maybe myotoxin (black blotch fungus?) GGT increased
type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
liver damage-> skin burns
- 72Congenital Porphyria (Type II photosensitization)autosomal recessive
pink tooth
urine fluoresces
cow and rarely cat - 73Anabaena - “Annie” Aphanizomenon - “Fannie” Microcystis - “Mike”blue green algae
hepatotoxic and neurotoxic
slow death factor - 74photodermatitis plantsfig, gas plant, rue, hogweed, parsnip, celery
- 75—giant hogweed
photo dermatitis
- 76—wild parsnip
photo dermatitis
- 77—rue
photo dermatitis
- 78congenital abnormality plantsfasle hellebore
lupine
locoweed (Astragalus)
timber milkvetch (Astragalus)
poison hemlock
nicotiana
potatoes
sorghum
brassica
oaks - 79—poison hemlock
piperidine alkaloids-> neuromuscular block prevents fetal stretching
carpal flexures, cleft palates, scoliosis (sheep, goat,)
arthrogryposis in swine
- 80—nicotiana
piperidine alkaloids-> neuromuscular block prevents fetal stretching
carpal flexures, cleft palates, scoliosis (sheep, goat,)
arthrogryposis in swine
- 81—Western false hellebore (false hellebore has white flowers)
cyclops in sheep, proboscis, shortened upper jaw, tracheal stenosis, shorted metac(t)arpals, pituitary malformation-> too large and delivered late
- 82lupinescrooked calf disease -> arthrogryposis, dystocias, scoliosis,
quinolizidine alkaloid, early growth and mature seed are worse
cows, and nuero in sheep - 83—locoweed (Astragalus)
develop life long craving
symptoms: aberrant behavior in horses, incoordination, lose of voice, abortion,
In adults: liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid
fetal: enlarged heart, thyroid and spleen, carpal arthrogryposis, hypermotility of joints
- 84—timber milk vetch (Astragalus)
develop life long craving
symptoms: aberrant behavior in horses, incoordination, lose of voice, abortion
In adults: liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyriod
fetal: enlarged heart, thyroid and spleen, carpal arthrogryposis, hypermotility of joints
- 85selenium accumulatorswoody aster, golden weed, prince's plume
micro-ophthalmia, cysts in eyes, leg defects
selenium issues? - 86potatoesanencephaly, spina bifida in people?
blight or solanum - 87goitrogenic plantsbrassicas: rape, cabbage, kale
sheep and goats have goiters or abort
small, obese, sluggish, hair loss, skeletal malformations - 88—rape: brassica
sheep and goats have goiters or abort
small, obese, sluggish, hair loss, skeletal malformations
nitrates: congenital hypothryoid dymaturity: silky fur, incomplete ossification, prognathism,
- 89oaks/ acornscows in 2nd trimester: short legs, abnormal hooves, misshapen heads
- 90plant abortionsponderosa pine
broomweed
creeping indigo
Utah junpier - 91—ponderosa pine
juniper
abortion and retained placenta: sheep and goat
- 92—broomweed. snake weed
toxic to liver and kidney
abortion
sheep and cattle
- 93—creeping indigo
sheep and cattle: toxic to liver and kidney, abortion
horses: neuro, ataxia, seizures, drag toes while walking
- 94corn moldsin the field: fusarium (looks like the one I had)
in storage: aspergillus, penicillium
discard feed or dilute to 10% - 95AflatoxicosisAspergillus: (A. flavus, A. parasiticus)
peanuts, cottonseed meal, sorghum, corn
hepatotoxin
ducklings> turkey poults> chickens
high dose-> bleeding, liver disease
low dose-> decreased feed intake, wt gain, milk production
calves: Tenesmus, rectal prolapse,
in dogs too - 96aspergillusorchatoxin: renal pigs, fetal death in cows
- 97ZearalenoneFusarium roseum: estrogenic in pigs: vuvlovaginititis, infertility, rectal prolapse, atrphy of testes
- 98fumonisimleukoencenphomalacia in horses. Muscle tremors, staggers, can't swallow
pulmonary edema , cardiotoxic in pigs
kidney and liver damage in many species - 99Tricothecene toxinsfusarium
epithelial necrosis and hemorrhages
mouth and intestines
poultry - 100ipomeanolfusarium
moldly sweet potatoes
pulmonary edema - 101termogenspenicillium
rye grass staggers
dog , alpaca - 102ergotismrye, ergot alkaloids
cattle: gangrene of extremities
mild lameness
looks like frost bite
agalactica: pigs and alpacas and neuro - 103paspalumstaggers
ergot
dallis grass - 104fescue toxicosisendophyte grows between cells
hyperthermia, peripheral blood vessels can't dilate, gangrene of extremities, fat necrosis, agalactica in llamas and mares, red bag delivery, neonatal sepsis, dysmature foals - 105pithomycesPithomyces chartarum: facial eczema
NZ, rye grass
liver damage and photosensitization - 106black patch diseaseRhizoctonia leguminicola: slobbers
saliva, lacrimation, urination, bloat
on clovers
horses, cattle, goats, camelids, sheep - 107Melilotus officinalismoldy sweet clover
hemorrhage - 108black blotch fungusalsike clover: liver damage, photosensitization
Informações
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- Veterinary Medicine FlashCards sobre poisonous plants, criado por Dana Matusewicz em 25-11-2024.
- Criado por
- Dana Matusewicz
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