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poisonous plants

Dana Matusewicz Veterinary Medicine English 108 cards

sensitive fern thiaminase potentially symptoms: liver disease (swollen fatty), edema of brain (yawning), horses: fern…

Cards in this deck (108)

  1. 1Thiaminase PlantsBracken ferns
    Horsetails
    Scouring rush
    Sensitive ferns, potentially
  2. 2—sensitive fern
    thiaminase potentially
    symptoms: liver disease (swollen fatty), edema of brain (yawning),
    horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)    sensitive fern thiaminase potentially symptoms: liver disease (swollen fatty), edema of brain (yawning), horses: fern staggers (weaving, ...
  3. 3—Bracken Fern
    thiaminase: horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)
    ptaquiloside: aplastic anemia factor (hemorrhage, mucous /bloody nose, blood in joints/ lamness, edema of throat)
    bright blindness in sheep
    carcinogen (ileum and bladder)    Bracken Fern thiaminase: horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse) ptaquiloside: a...
  4. 4—horse tail
    thiaminase: horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)    horse tail thiaminase: horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)
  5. 5—Scouring rush
    horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)    Scouring rush horses: fern staggers (weaving, incoordination, bradycardia and arrhythmias, spasms, down horse)
  6. 6anticoagulant plantsmoldy sweet clover
    Sweet vernal grass
  7. 7—sweet clover
    when moldy it becomes an vit K anticoagulant
    coumarin -> dicoumarol by mold
    symptoms : hemorrhage, hematomas, anemias, bloody milk, death, stiffness
    tx: vt K, blood transfusions, stop feeding it    sweet clover when moldy it becomes an vit K anticoagulant coumarin -> dicoumarol by mold symptoms : hemorrhage, hematomas, anemias, blood...
  8. 8—sweet vernal grass
    coumarin-> dicourmarol by mold
    symptoms : hemorrhage, hematomas, anemias, bloody milk, death, stiffness
    tx: vt K, blood transfusions, stop feeding it    sweet vernal grass coumarin-> dicourmarol by mold symptoms : hemorrhage, hematomas, anemias, bloody milk, death, stiffness tx: vt K, bloo...
  9. 9Nitrate plantscrops:
    oats (green hay/ chop), corn (safe after tassels), sudan grass, wheat, barley, rye, beet tops, rape, soybean, flax, alfalfa
    weeds:
    pigweed, lamb's quarter, Canadian thistle
  10. 10Nitrate poisoningsRumen protects by turning it into ammonia
    hemoglobin->methemoglobin
    symptoms:
    Fertilizers: severe gastroenteritis, ptyalism, colic, V/D, abortion
    Brown MM, dyspnea, emphysema, muscle tremors, weak, staggers, cyanosis, urination, down, convulsions, abortion
    test: aqueous humor
    treat: methylene blue
  11. 11—Pigweed
    nitrates-> methemoglobin
    perirenal edema, hyperkalemia, weakness, ataxia, depression,    Pigweed nitrates-> methemoglobin perirenal edema, hyperkalemia, weakness, ataxia, depression,Pigweed nitrates-> methemoglobin perirenal edema, hyperkalemia, weakness, ataxia, depression,
  12. 12—lamb's quater
    nitrates-> methemoglobins    lamb's quater nitrates-> methemoglobins
  13. 13—sudan grass
    nitrates-> methemoglobins    sudan grass nitrates-> methemoglobins
  14. 14—red leaf maple (3-5 lobes)
    Heinz bodies hemolytic anemia
    unknown: gallic acid?
    symptoms: anorexia, depression, icterus, brown MM, increased resp, down and comatose, death day 6    red leaf maple (3-5 lobes) Heinz bodies hemolytic anemia unknown: gallic acid? symptoms: anorexia, depression, icterus, brown MM, increas...
  15. 15—box elder
    seasonal pasture associated myopathy    box elder seasonal pasture associated myopathy
  16. 16—Norway maple: tarspot fungus
    myopathy in horses?    Norway maple: tarspot fungus myopathy in horses?
  17. 17—pistacia
    similar to hemolytic anemia in horses= red leaf maple
    also has gallic acid    pistacia similar to hemolytic anemia in horses= red leaf maple also has gallic acid
  18. 18oxalate plantshalogeton
    rhubarb
    greasewood
    Dock: rumex
    beet tops
  19. 19Oxalate symptomsrumen can adapt over time and turn to Ca carb.
    nephrosis, oxalate calculi (red-bown urine, uremia, crystals in kidney, blood, bladder)
    GI irritation (colic, diarrhea, rumenitis, hepatitis)
    Hypocalcemia -> osteodystrophia fibrosa., (neuro, weakness, semi-comatose. bloat, low gi mobility, head to side, hemorrhage)
  20. 20ethylene glycoloxalate source
  21. 21—halogeton
    oxalates, in the west-> sheep
    nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation    halogeton oxalates, in the west-> sheep nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation
  22. 22—greasewood
    oxalates, in the west
    nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation    greasewood oxalates, in the west nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation
  23. 23—dock
    oxalates, cattle and sheep
    nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation    dock oxalates, cattle and sheep nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irritation
  24. 24—burdock
    conjunctivitis, can cause granulomas
    NOT rhubarb
    plant awns do similar things    burdock conjunctivitis, can cause granulomas NOT rhubarb plant awns do similar things
  25. 25—beets
    oxalates, crop
    nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irriation    beets oxalates, crop nephrosis, hypocalcemia, Gi irriation
  26. 26Calcium oxalate plantsPhilodendron
    Dumbcane
    Jack-in-the-pulpit
    skunk cabbage
    Monstera
    caladium
    peace lily/ flower
    pothos
  27. 27Calcium oxalate symptomsinsoluble raphides + proteolytic enzymes that pierce MM.
    Oral burning, salivation, head shaking, edema of oral tissues,
  28. 28—Jack in the pulpit (2 leaves with 3 leaflets, cluster of red fruit)
    calcium oxalate
    oral irritation    Jack in the pulpit (2 leaves with 3 leaflets, cluster of red fruit) calcium oxalate oral irritation
  29. 29—skunk cabbage
    calcium oxalate
    oral irritation    skunk cabbage calcium oxalate oral irritation
  30. 30—caladium
    calcium oxalate
    oral irritation    caladium calcium oxalate oral irritation
  31. 31—philodendron
    calcium oxalate
    oral irritation    philodendron calcium oxalate oral irritation
  32. 32—pothos
    calcium oxalate
    oral irritation    pothos calcium oxalate oral irritation
  33. 33—peace lily/ flower
    calcium oxalate
    oral irritation    peace lily/ flower calcium oxalate oral irritation
  34. 34—poinsettia
    skin irritation and GI upset    poinsettia skin irritation and GI upset
  35. 35—pencil tree
    tirucalli is extremely irritating to the skin and mucosa and is toxic. Exposure to it can cause temporary blindness. Skin contact causes severe irritation, redness and a burning sensation (google)    pencil tree tirucalli is extremely irritating to the skin and mucosa and is toxic. Exposure to it can cause temporary blindness. Skin con...
  36. 36mistletoegastric-irritating alkaloids, cardiac toxins (viscotoxins, phoratoxins), and lectins (google)
  37. 37irisin all parts of plant, especially the rhizome
    muscle tremors and weakness, bleeding, ulcers, V/D (google)
  38. 38narcissusdaffodils and jonquils
    alkaloids: vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, salivation, and increased heart rate (google)
  39. 39—easter lily
    kidney failure in cats    easter lily kidney failure in cats
  40. 40day lilynephrotoxic to cats
  41. 41—castor bean
    ricin (prevents protein synthesis)
    V/D, convulsions, death, kidney failure    castor bean ricin (prevents protein synthesis) V/D, convulsions, death, kidney failure
  42. 42—rosary pea
    abrin is similar to ricin
    V/D, fever, tachycardia, shock, death    rosary pea abrin is similar to ricin V/D, fever, tachycardia, shock, death
  43. 43—sago palm
    dogs
    V, bloody stool, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, jaundice, liver failure
    50% fatality    sago palm dogs V, bloody stool, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, jaundice, liver failure 50% fatality
  44. 44—mother of thousands
    sm ruminants, dogs and people in Africa
    nuero, convulsions    mother of thousands sm ruminants, dogs and people in Africa nuero, convulsions
  45. 45marijuanaTHC
    ataxia, bradycardia, hypothermia, depression, hyper salivation, urinary incontinence, seizures, coma
    Intravenous lipid therapy, supportive care,
  46. 46aloe veraoral irritation V/D
  47. 47cyanide plantscherries, apple, sorghum, flax, white clover, arrowgrass
    it accumulates over night, and when soil high in N
    wilted or crushed leaves
  48. 48cyanide symptomsCN binds to ferric iron -> mo O2 transport (with bright red blood)
    rapid death, tachypnea, dyspnea, involuntary urination and defecation, ptyalism, and lacrimation, tremors, bright pink MM, gasping, dilated pupils
    almond odor to ingesta
  49. 49—chokecherry: prunus
    smooth leaves, chains of flowers and fruit, shrub
    cyanide:
    rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation    chokecherry: prunus smooth leaves, chains of flowers and fruit, shrub cyanide: rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
  50. 50—black cherry: prunus
    longer leaf, fuzz on midrib
    potato chip bark
    cyanide:
    rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation.
    arthrogryposis in swine    black cherry: prunus longer leaf, fuzz on midrib potato chip bark cyanide: rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation. arthrogrypos...black cherry: prunus longer leaf, fuzz on midrib potato chip bark cyanide: rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation. arthrogrypos...
  51. 51applecyanide in seeds
    choke and bloat in ruminant, choke in horses
    drunk from fermentatiom too
  52. 52—sorghum
    cyanide (safe when mature):
    rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
    equine sorghum cystitis :sudan grass/sorghum pasture-> ataxia, dribbling, scalding, abortion. Cyanide-> posterior ataxia/ myelomalacia
    lamb deformity: big head, long legs,arthrogryposis    sorghum cyanide (safe when mature): rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation equine sorghum cystitis :sudan grass/sorghum pasture...
  53. 53—arrowgrass
    in marashes, round stem
    cyanide:
    rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation    arrowgrass in marashes, round stem cyanide: rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
  54. 54—flax
    cyanide in immature seeds:
    rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation    flax cyanide in immature seeds: rapid death, resp, cardio, urination, defecation
  55. 55—cassava
    palmately compound leaf
    cyanide:
    rapid death, goiters, paralsis
    have to ferment to eat?    cassava palmately compound leaf cyanide: rapid death, goiters, paralsis have to ferment to eat?
  56. 56taxusJapanese, english, Canadian, Hick's yew
    aril red fruits, flat needles
    Taxine alkaloids
    symptoms: (hrs to days) 1 lb kills a cow/ horse with no struggle, anxiety, bradycardia, dyspnea, weakness, recumbency
  57. 57taxus treatrumenotomy, charcoal, calcium, atropine?
    do not stress the animal!!!!
  58. 58catnip responsechewing, licking, head rubbing, rolling
    last 15 min then 1 hr refractory
    others: silver vine, variegated kiwi vine, olive wood
    nepetalactone: repels mosquitos
  59. 59plants that cause liver issues-> photosensitizationsType 3 photo sens.
    lantana
    horse brush
    senecio
    agave, nolina
    Pithomyces
    aslike clovers
    blue green algae
  60. 60plants that cause photosensitizations from providing the chemical directly (phylloerythrin) primarySt. Johnswort
    buckwheat
    phenothiazine
    aphids on burr trefoil
    spring parsley
    bishop's weed
    tetracycline, doxyclycline
    lush alfalfa
  61. 61symptoms of photosensitizationfacial edema, ulceration and burns on white pigmented skin, erythema, pruritus, necrosis, sloughing of skin,
  62. 62Treat photosensitizationlaxative, stop feeding heat, antibiotics, feed hay
  63. 63—St Johnswort
    primary photosensitization    St Johnswort primary photosensitization
  64. 64—buckwheat
    primary photosensitization    buckwheat primary photosensitization
  65. 65lantanatype 3 photosensitization
    liver damage-> skin burns
  66. 66—horse brush
    type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
    liver damage-> skin burns
    big head sheep+ black sage    horse brush type 3 (secondary) photosensitization liver damage-> skin burns big head sheep+ black sage
  67. 67—ragwort
    type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
    pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    liver damage-> skin burns
    horses    ragwort type 3 (secondary) photosensitization pyrrolizidine alkaloids liver damage-> skin burns horses
  68. 68—fiddleneck
    type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
    liver damage-> skin burns
    horses    fiddleneck type 3 (secondary) photosensitization liver damage-> skin burns horses
  69. 69—rattlebox
    type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
    liver damage-> skin burns    rattlebox type 3 (secondary) photosensitization liver damage-> skin burns
  70. 70Pithomyces chartarumfungus on rye grass in NZ
    chronic liver fibrosis
    short pastures= issues
    prevent with zinc
  71. 71—alsike clover
    no chevron on leaf
    maybe myotoxin (black blotch fungus?) GGT increased
    type 3 (secondary) photosensitization
    liver damage-> skin burns    alsike clover no chevron on leaf maybe myotoxin (black blotch fungus?) GGT increased type 3 (secondary) photosensitization liver damage->...
  72. 72Congenital Porphyria (Type II photosensitization)autosomal recessive
    pink tooth
    urine fluoresces
    cow and rarely cat
  73. 73Anabaena - “Annie” Aphanizomenon - “Fannie” Microcystis - “Mike”blue green algae
    hepatotoxic and neurotoxic
    slow death factor
  74. 74photodermatitis plantsfig, gas plant, rue, hogweed, parsnip, celery
  75. 75—giant hogweed
    photo dermatitis    giant hogweed photo dermatitis
  76. 76—wild parsnip
    photo dermatitis    wild parsnip photo dermatitis
  77. 77—rue
    photo dermatitis    rue photo dermatitis
  78. 78congenital abnormality plantsfasle hellebore
    lupine
    locoweed (Astragalus)
    timber milkvetch (Astragalus)
    poison hemlock
    nicotiana
    potatoes
    sorghum
    brassica
    oaks
  79. 79—poison hemlock
    piperidine alkaloids-> neuromuscular block prevents fetal stretching
    carpal flexures, cleft palates, scoliosis (sheep, goat,)
    arthrogryposis in swine    poison hemlock piperidine alkaloids-> neuromuscular block prevents fetal stretching carpal flexures, cleft palates, scoliosis (sheep, goa...
  80. 80—nicotiana
    piperidine alkaloids-> neuromuscular block prevents fetal stretching
    carpal flexures, cleft palates, scoliosis (sheep, goat,)
    arthrogryposis in swine    nicotiana piperidine alkaloids-> neuromuscular block prevents fetal stretching carpal flexures, cleft palates, scoliosis (sheep, goat,) a...
  81. 81—Western false hellebore (false hellebore has white flowers)
    cyclops in sheep, proboscis, shortened upper jaw, tracheal stenosis, shorted metac(t)arpals, pituitary malformation-> too large and delivered late    Western false hellebore (false hellebore has white flowers) cyclops in sheep, proboscis, shortened upper jaw, tracheal stenosis, shorted ...
  82. 82lupinescrooked calf disease -> arthrogryposis, dystocias, scoliosis,
    quinolizidine alkaloid, early growth and mature seed are worse
    cows, and nuero in sheep
  83. 83—locoweed (Astragalus)
    develop life long craving
    symptoms: aberrant behavior in horses, incoordination, lose of voice, abortion,
    In adults: liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid
    fetal: enlarged heart, thyroid and spleen, carpal arthrogryposis, hypermotility of joints    locoweed (Astragalus) develop life long craving symptoms: aberrant behavior in horses, incoordination, lose of voice, abortion, In adults...
  84. 84—timber milk vetch (Astragalus)
    develop life long craving
    symptoms: aberrant behavior in horses, incoordination, lose of voice, abortion
    In adults: liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyriod
    fetal: enlarged heart, thyroid and spleen, carpal arthrogryposis, hypermotility of joints    timber milk vetch (Astragalus) develop life long craving symptoms: aberrant behavior in horses, incoordination, lose of voice, abortion I...
  85. 85selenium accumulatorswoody aster, golden weed, prince's plume
    micro-ophthalmia, cysts in eyes, leg defects
    selenium issues?
  86. 86potatoesanencephaly, spina bifida in people?
    blight or solanum
  87. 87goitrogenic plantsbrassicas: rape, cabbage, kale
    sheep and goats have goiters or abort
    small, obese, sluggish, hair loss, skeletal malformations
  88. 88—rape: brassica
    sheep and goats have goiters or abort
    small, obese, sluggish, hair loss, skeletal malformations
    nitrates: congenital hypothryoid dymaturity: silky fur, incomplete ossification, prognathism,    rape: brassica sheep and goats have goiters or abort small, obese, sluggish, hair loss, skeletal malformations nitrates: congenital hypot...
  89. 89oaks/ acornscows in 2nd trimester: short legs, abnormal hooves, misshapen heads
  90. 90plant abortionsponderosa pine
    broomweed
    creeping indigo
    Utah junpier
  91. 91—ponderosa pine
    juniper
    abortion and retained placenta: sheep and goat    ponderosa pine juniper abortion and retained placenta: sheep and goat
  92. 92—broomweed. snake weed
    toxic to liver and kidney
    abortion
    sheep and cattle    broomweed. snake weed toxic to liver and kidney abortion sheep and cattle
  93. 93—creeping indigo
    sheep and cattle: toxic to liver and kidney, abortion
    horses: neuro, ataxia, seizures, drag toes while walking    creeping indigo sheep and cattle: toxic to liver and kidney, abortion horses: neuro, ataxia, seizures, drag toes while walking
  94. 94corn moldsin the field: fusarium (looks like the one I had)
    in storage: aspergillus, penicillium
    discard feed or dilute to 10%
  95. 95AflatoxicosisAspergillus: (A. flavus, A. parasiticus)
    peanuts, cottonseed meal, sorghum, corn
    hepatotoxin
    ducklings> turkey poults> chickens
    high dose-> bleeding, liver disease
    low dose-> decreased feed intake, wt gain, milk production
    calves: Tenesmus, rectal prolapse,
    in dogs too
  96. 96aspergillusorchatoxin: renal pigs, fetal death in cows
  97. 97ZearalenoneFusarium roseum: estrogenic in pigs: vuvlovaginititis, infertility, rectal prolapse, atrphy of testes
  98. 98fumonisimleukoencenphomalacia in horses. Muscle tremors, staggers, can't swallow
    pulmonary edema , cardiotoxic in pigs
    kidney and liver damage in many species
  99. 99Tricothecene toxinsfusarium
    epithelial necrosis and hemorrhages
    mouth and intestines
    poultry
  100. 100ipomeanolfusarium
    moldly sweet potatoes
    pulmonary edema
  101. 101termogenspenicillium
    rye grass staggers
    dog , alpaca
  102. 102ergotismrye, ergot alkaloids
    cattle: gangrene of extremities
    mild lameness
    looks like frost bite
    agalactica: pigs and alpacas and neuro
  103. 103paspalumstaggers
    ergot
    dallis grass
  104. 104fescue toxicosisendophyte grows between cells
    hyperthermia, peripheral blood vessels can't dilate, gangrene of extremities, fat necrosis, agalactica in llamas and mares, red bag delivery, neonatal sepsis, dysmature foals
  105. 105pithomycesPithomyces chartarum: facial eczema
    NZ, rye grass
    liver damage and photosensitization
  106. 106black patch diseaseRhizoctonia leguminicola: slobbers
    saliva, lacrimation, urination, bloat
    on clovers
    horses, cattle, goats, camelids, sheep
  107. 107Melilotus officinalismoldy sweet clover
    hemorrhage
  108. 108black blotch fungusalsike clover: liver damage, photosensitization

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Veterinary Medicine Flashcards on poisonous plants, created by Dana Matusewicz on 25/11/2024.
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