Flashcards
Memory
Flashcards do conjunto (21)
- 1what is capacity?the measure of how much can be held in memory. it is represented in terms of bits of information such as number of digits.
- 2what is the capacity of STM?- 7+or-2 items
- 3what is short term memory?- memory for immediate events
- disappear if not rehearsed
- limited capacity - 4what is long term memory?- you memory for events that have happened in the past.
- lasts anywhere from 2mins-100yrs
-unlimited duration/capacity
-coded semantially - 5what is coding (also encoding)?- the way info is changed so that it can be stored in memory.
- info enters through senses then stored in various forms. such as visual codes, acoustic codes or semantic codes. - 6evaluation for capacity of STM...- may be more limited - Cowan 2001- found that 4 items was about the limit
- size of chunk matters - simon 1974 - people have shorter memory span for lrger chunks.
- individual differences - Jacobs - recall increased with age-maybe due to + in brain capacity / develop mem strategies - 7what is the duration of short term memory?- Lloyd + Margaret Peterson (1959) - 24 students tested on 8 trials
- given consonant syllable/3 digit num.
- asked to recall consonant syllable after increasing retention intervals/counting back from 3 digit num.
- STM DURATION=less than 18 secs - 8what is the duration of LTM?- Harry Bahrick et al (1975) - 400 people (17-74yrs) - memory of classmates
- photo recog - 50 photos/free recall
-UNLIMITED DURATION - 9Evaluation of duration of STM...- artificial - doesn't reflect everyday memory activities
- results may be due to displacement - Peterson's study - counting numbers displacing/overwriting the syllables.
- Reitman - used auditory tones to prevent this. - 10acoustic and semantic coding...Alan Baddeley (1966)-used word lists - found that p's had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in STM but not in LTM. wheras semantically similar words posed little problem for STM but led to muddles LTMs- STM coded acoustically/LTM coded semantically
- 11Evaluation of Baddeley's study:- LTM tested by waiting 20 mins - questionable as to whether LTM
- other studies shown that visual codes also used for STM./ sometimes uses semantic code
- other studies shown that LTM uses visual/ semantic too
- Vary according to circumstances - 12what is the multi store model of memory?An explanation of memory based on three seperate memory stores and how information is transferred between these stores.
- 13what is the sensory register?- info collected at senses - retained for brief time at sensory registers.
- only able to hold accurate images of sensory info momentarily.
- large capacity - 14what is the first step in remembering something?attention - if a person's is focuses on one of the sensory stores then the data is transferred to STM
- 15what is maintenance rehearsal?Repetition keeps info in STM but eventually such repetition will create LTM.
the more info is rehearsed the better it is remembered - (atkinson and shiffrin) - 16what is retrieval?process of getting info from LTM involves info passing back through STM. it is then available for use.
- 17the multi store model of memory diagram...
- 18strengths of MSM? (see memory book for more)- supporting evidence - lab studies showing seperate stores - brain scanning techniques - showing dif between STM/LTM
- case studies - HM - had brain damage - could not form new LTM's - 19examples of studies that support the MSM?- Beardsley (1997) - found that prefrontal cortex is active during STM but not during LTM tasks
- Squire et al (1957) - used brain scanning and found that the hippocampus is active when LTM is engaged. - 20What are the limitations of the MSM??- too simple - STM / LTM divided into different stores - maintenance rehearsal does not explain long term episodic memories. - craik and lockhart (1972) - enduring memoried created by the processing you do - more deeply processed=more memorable. some things easier to remember than others.
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- AS - Level Psychology FlashCards sobre Memory, criado por Kizzy Leverton em 03-02-2016.
- Criado por
- Kizzy Leverton
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