Flashcards
3.5
Flashcards do conjunto (6)
- 1Barlett 1932 Cultural & social demands determine memoryclaims that cultural and social demands can explain the extraordinary ability of Swazi herdsmen to recall characteristics of their cattle, as the culture revolves around the possession and care of cattle
- 2Misty & Rogoff 1994 Cultural & social demands determine memoryargues that culture & memory are skills. remebering is an activity, which is determined by the demands of the social & cultural context which it takes place
For example, the itamul elders in New Guinea have an extraordinary memory of line of descent & history. this kind of knowledge is important to them because it can help resolve property disputes with conflicting clans. - 3Wang & Ross 2007 Cultural & methodological consideration in cross-cultural research memoryCulture is both a system (values, schemas, models, artifacts) and processes (rituals, daily routine, practices).
Culture affects why, when, whether & how people remember.
culture & context matter
western vs non-westerns, cross-cultural, laboratory-based, such as free recall memory words - 4culture & memory summing upCross-cultural studies show that even though remembering (hardware) is universal, specific forms of remembering (software) may not
problems arise when most memory research is conducted in cultures with formal schooling - 5Rogoff & Waddel 1982Method: Created a miniature model village which resembled the children's village. The researcher asked 20 out 80 objects of animals, furniture, people etc. Then objects were replaced and the children were asked to reconstruct the model
Results: found that mayan children did slightly better with memory tasks if they were given on meaningful local items than children in the US. - 6Cole & Scribner 1974 Kpelle peopleAim: To investigate free recall in 2 different cultures, US, and Kpelle people
Method: In Liberia, they used culture-specific objects. American were given a list of words that belonged to 4 distinct word groups. Then in the second part of the experiment researchers presented objects in a story
Results: In free recall test, non-schooled participants hardly improved their preformance after age 9 or 10. They remembered around 10 items and only remembered 2 more after 25 trials. Liberian school children performed they same and used similar memory stratergies to US children. In second part of the experiment, the non-schooled Liberian participants recalled objects well because they grouped them according to the roles they played in the story. Liberian and US school children used chunking and recalled items according whilst non-schooled didn't
Evaluation: The experimental method was used and it can help to establish cause-effect relationship, but since the independent variable was culture (schooling) it may be difficult to say anything definite about cause-effect relationships
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- High School Diploma Psychology (CLA (HL)) FlashCards sobre 3.5, criado por Emilia Sullivan em 13-03-2016.
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- Emilia Sullivan
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