Flashcards
Anxiety affecting EWT
Flashcards do conjunto (12)
- 1Define anxiety.An emotional characterised by tension, worry and stress. It has been shown that anxiety affects the reliability of EWT.
- 2What is the negative effect of recall study? What in specific were they looking at?Johnson and Scott (1976)
Looked at the effect of weapon focus on the accuracy of recall given by witnesses. - 3What method did they use in their study?Consisted of two conditions. P's believed that they were waiting to take part in a lab study in a waiting room. Then heard an argument in the next room.
- 4How did the two conditions differ?1. Low anxiety- man walked out with a pen and greasy hands.
2. High anxiety- heard broken glass, then man walked out with a bloody pen-knife. - 5How did they measure accuracy? What were the results for this study?Had to pick man from a list of 50 pictures.
LA- 49% identified correctly
HA- 33% - 6What were the conclusions? And the theory that explained it?That high anxiety leads to low recall.
Tunnel theory of memory- witness attention narrows to focus on a weapon, because it is a source of anxiety. - 7Which was the study that proves that anxiety has a positive effect on recall in EWT? How did they determine accuracy?Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
Number of details recalled in each account. - 8What were the methods?Interviewed witnesses to a shooting in a gun shop in Canada. They took place roughly 4-5 months after the incident (shop owner shot thief) and involved the p's to 1. rate stress level at time of incident.
2. asked about emotional problems after incident e.g sleeplessness. - 9What were the findings?Very accurate results overall, little change in accuracy since incident.
Highest stress group- 88% (highest) recall Low stress- 75% - 10Which researchers given an explanation for the contradictory findings? How do they explain it and who applied this law to EWT.Yerkes and Dodson= relationship between emotional arousal and performance looks like an inverted U, they state that performance with increase with anxiety until an optimum point where it will decrease drastically.
Defferbacher= low anxiety leads to low recall
Moderate leads to more accurate recall
High leads to a drastic decline. - 11What is one advantage to real-life studies like Yuille and Cutshall's?Anxiety isn't brought on for the purpose of research and the psychological damage is not caused y research.
- 12What are three disadvantages?- Pickel's study showed that 'weapon focus' may be due to surprise at unusualness rather than anxiety in response to threat (tells us nothing about effects of anxiety)
- Inverted U theory is too simplistic, only concerns physical arousal not emotional, cognitive or behavioural.
-Field studies suffer from extrenuous variables (ped), affects of anxiety are overwhelmed by other factors.
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- AS - Level Psychology (Memory (1)) FlashCards sobre Anxiety affecting EWT, criado por Ellie Winterburn em 11-05-2016.
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- Ellie Winterburn
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