Flashcards
Psychology chapter 7
Flashcards do conjunto (41)
- 1MemoryThe nervous system's capacity to acquire and retain skills and knowledge for later retrieval.
- 2encodingthe processing of info so that it can be stored.
- 3storagethe retention of encoded representations over time
- 4retrievalthe act of recalling or remembering stored information when it is needed
- 5attentionfocusing mental resources on information; allows further processing for perception, memory, and response. it allows us to encode a memory
- 6Treisman & Gelade, 1980 (theory)we automatically pay attention to and recognize basic visual features in an environment, including color, shape, size, orientation, and movement. we use this feature to pay attention to something we are looking for by blocking the other
- 7auditory attentionyou're having a conversation w/ your friend and suddenly at the back you hear your name or a gossip, you will pay attention to that gossip instead of paying attention to your friend. its hard to do two attention-demanding tasks at the same time.
- 8studies by cherry (1953) to be important, information has to be. . .personally relevant, such as your name or the name of someone close to you, or it has to be particularly loud or different in some obvious physical way.
- 91958, Donald Broadbent, filter theoryattention is like a filter, important information is allowed through the filter, but irrelevant information is prevented from getting through the filter. also related to emotions.
- 10Simons and Levin, 1998 change blindnessan individual's failure to notice a large visual changes in the environment. such as, you won't notice a change of stranger who you just saw
- 11Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin, 1968we have three different types of memory stores: sensory storage, short term storage, and long term storage
- 12Cognitive psychologist, George Sperling1234 1234 1234 1234
(only remember 4 or 5 items) - 13sensory storageby maintaining a large amount of information for a fraction of a second, sensory storage enables us to experience the world as continuous stream of info rather than as discrete sensation. (blinking p. 240)
- 14short-term memory (buffer)briefly holds a limited amount of information in awareness
- 15working memoryenables us to work on the information we have in short-term storage. (repeating it over and over again)
- 16chunkingusing working memory to organize information into meaningful units to make it easier to remember
CIAFBINBCTSA
CIA FBI NBC TSA - 17long-term storagerelatively permanent storage
- 18Maintenance rehearsalsimply repeating the item over and over, provides shallow encoding of information (its auditory)
- 19Elaborative rehearsalencodes the information more deeply, based on meaning (semantic information)
- 20primacy effectbetter memory people have for items presented at the beginning of the list
- 21recency effectrefers to the better memory people have for the most recent items
- 22schemasways of structuring memories in long term storage that help us perceive, organize, process,, and use of information.. (it can be bias because we interpret things differently than other people)
- 23A network of associationmemories are organized in long-term storage based on the meaning of information. concepts are connected through their associations. the closer the concept are to each other, the stronger the association between them.
- 24amnesia (retrograde)people loss memories for past events, facts, people, and personal information
- 25anterograde amnesiapeople lose the ability to form new memories after experiencing a brain injury
- 26Henry Molaison (H.M.)the guy who had seizures and there was no cure for it except operating on it, he had seizures in temporal lobe (memory) of his brain, so doctors took out a part of his temporal lobe.
- 27explicit memorymemories that can be verbally described
- 28episodic memorytype of explicit memory that includes a person's personal experiences (what you did on your 16th birthday)
- 29semantic memorytype of explicit memory that includes a person's knowledge about the world (capital places)
- 30implicit memorymemory that we are not conscious of. do not require conscious attention. two types: classical conditioning and procedural memory
- 31classical conditioningjh
- 32Procedural memoryrequires motor skills and behavioral habits
- 33Prospective memoryremembering to do something at some future time. (sticky notes to remember things bc you can't remember telling something to someone and doing another thing, so you make note for that thing)
- 34where do you store your memory in brain?p. 253
prefrontal cortex: working memory
hippocampus: spatial memory
temporal lobe: explicit memory
amygdala: implicit memory; fear learning
cerebellum: implicit memory; procedural memory - 35consolidationa process by which immediate memories become lasting through long-term storage.
- 36medial temporal lobeswhat google does for the internet. google doesn't store all the information on the internet, but it provides links to where that information is stored
- 37reconsolidation of memoriesp. 254
- 38retrieval cueanything that helps us access a memory (favorite song from years past, memory of a trip whenever you listen to a song that you heard while you were on trip)
- 39Mnemonics aid retrievalusing something to remember something
- 40retroactive interferenceaccess to older memory is impaired by newer memories, (study psychology and then history, taking psych test first, your performance on the psych test will suffer)
- 41—