Flashcards
Moral development
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1What is Piaget's moral realist/subjectivist hypothesis based on?Belief structures, empathy, sympathy and altruism.
- 2What did the ink spill moral reasoning test find?Children aged ~6/7 decided that whoever made the biggest mess was naughtier, older children made the opposite decision, based on intent.
- 3According to Piaget, younger children tend to focus on......damage caused, not intent.
- 4According to Piaget, older children are.......moral subjectivists.
- 5According to Piaget, younger children are.......moral realists.
- 6Define moral subjectivist.A person who judges moral acts according to the intention behind the act, rather than according to the physical consequences of the act.
- 7Define moral realist.A person who judges moral acts according to the physical consequences of the act, rather than according to the intention behind the act.
- 8According to Piaget, how might parenting affect moral reasoning.Children of parent's who punish according to damage done are more likely to be moral realists than those who punish according to naughty intent underlying the act.
- 9What are some criticisms of Piaget's theory?Methodological; damage at end of story, might be testing memory. Story may be unclear; children might not understand cause-effect.
-paintbrush study. - 10Define moral dilemmasA dilemma arising from conflict between two moral codes, e.g. law and one's conscience.
- 11How did Kohlberg devise his stages?Longitudinal study; Heinz stealing medicine. Participants were asked a series of questions to assess their moral reasoning.
- 12Describe level one stage oneChild won't steal because they would get shouted at. Morality based on physical consequences not moral intent.
- 13Describe level one stage two.Child understand correct behaviour to be that which satisfies their needs. Dis/approves behaviour according to whether that behaviour is to their advantage.
- 14Describe level two stage three.Growing awareness of other's POV. Conforms to institutional order. No real assessment of moral worth beyond the reaction of the authority figure.
- 15Describe level two stage four.Child seeks to uphold and justify social norms and identifies with those who hold senior positions in the maintenance of social order. Judges moral behaviour according to the extent to which any individual adheres to such.
- 16Describe level three stage five.Rules are no fixed, but relative, and contructed by certain groups. May recognise
- 17Describe level three stage six.Highest stage of moral development. May adhere to externally imposed rules, but governed by own moral principles. Capability to perceive higher moral principles which transcend any specific laws.
- 18Criticisms of Kohlberg?May not be universal; ethnocentric, focuses on Western ideals of freedom etc. Based on hypothetical adult dilemmas. Theory is based on verbal responses to interviews. May be gender bias; middle-class males.
- 19How are the foundations of moral consciousness and prosocial behaviour demonstrated in the first year of life?e.g. crying or laughing when others do
- 20Can children show empathy in the first year of life?Yes, but it is self-focused. For example, if another child started crying, this might distress the infant, so they empathise distress by crying.
- 21Can children show sympathy in their ~second year of life?Yes, but it is egocentric, such as offering a child something they would want in a time of distress.
- 22Define a moral convention.A code of behaviour that is based on principle rather than convention. Seems to transcend boundaries of context.
- 23Define a social principle.A code of behaviour that is based on convention rather than principle. Relative to time and place.
- 24What did the school study of moral/social convention find?Moral - children as young as 3 thought that hurting other students was wrong and refused.
Social - children had no problem being naked as is was keeping within school rules - 25What the fairness study show (stickers)?Children had an unequal distribution of reward. An emotional response in all the children appears to be motivated by an aversion to inequality of distribution.
- 26What was Eisenberg's cake study, and what were the results?Moral dilemma - child sees a hurt child on the way to a birthday party, if she helps him she will miss birthday cake. Results were as predicted by Kolhberg's stage theory.
- 27Do parents/caregivers make a difference?Children who had a caregiver who displayed altruistic behaviour were more likely to help a struggling mother - behaviour not confined to an imitation of the model.
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- Psychology (Development) FlashCards sobre Moral development , criado por Craig Wilkinson em 22-04-2017.
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- Craig Wilkinson
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