Flashcards
Chapter 8
Flashcards do conjunto (41)
- 1Radical Behaviorisma label that has been given to B.F Skinner's point of view
- 2Empiricismthe philosophical view that human knowledge arises slowly in the course of experience through observation and experiment
- 3Classical Conditioninga form of learning in which a response becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus
- 4Unconditioned Stimulusa stimulus that normally elicits a particular reflex or automatic response
- 5Unconditioned Responsea reflex or automatic response to a stimulus
- 6Conditioned Stimulusa previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with a response
- 7Conditioned Responsea response that becomes associated with a stimulus through learning
- 8Behaviorisma movement in psychology founded by John Watson, who suggested that psychologist should focus their attention on the study of overt behavior
- 9Law of Effecta law formulated by Thorndike that states that a behavior or a performance accompanied by satisfaction tends to increase and a behavior or performance accompanied by frustration tends to decrease
- 10HabitIn Dollard and Miller's theory, the basic structure of personality: a learned association between a stimulus and a response that makes them occur together frequently
- 11Drive Reductiona concept formulated by Hull that suggests that learning occurs only if an organism's response is followed by the reduction of some drive or need
- 12Drivea strong stimulation that produces discomfort
- 13Primary Drivea drive associated with a physiological process that is necessary for the organism's survival
- 14Secondary Drivea drive that is learned or acquired on the basis of a primary drive
- 15Secondary Reinforcera reinforcer that is originally neutral but that acquires reward value on the basis of association with a primary reinforcer
- 16Reinforcerany event that increases or decrease the likelihood of a particular response
- 17ReinforcementThe process of increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a particular response
- 18Responsea behavior that results from a stimulus; one's reaction to a cue or stimulus
- 19Reflexive Responsea response that seeks to capture the underlying feeling expressed
- 20Primary Reinforcera reinforcer that is inherently rewarding as it satisfies a primary drive
- 21Hierarchy of Responsea tendency for certain responses to occur before other responses
- 22Cuea specific stimulus that tells the organism when, where, and how to respond
- 23Extinctionthe tendency for a response to disappear when it is not reinforced
- 24Learning Dilemmathe situation an individual is placed in if present responses are not reinforced
- 25Frustrationan emotion that occurs when one is unable to reduce a drive because the response that would satisfy of has been blocked
- 26Conflicta frustration that arises from a situation in which incompatible responses occur at the same time
- 27Infrahuman Speciesspecies lower than human organisms
- 28Unconscious Processesdrives or cues of which we are unaware because they are unlabeled or repressed
- 29Reciprocal Inhibitionin behavior therapy, introducing a competitive response that will interfere with the original maladaptive response
- 30Systematic Desensitizationconditioning a patient to stop responding to a stimulus in an undesired manner and to substitute a new response
- 31Species-Specific Behaviorcomplex, rather than reflex, automatic behaviors that occur in all members of a species
- 32Overt Behaviorbehavior that can be observed by an external observer
- 33Respondent Behaviorreflexes or automatic responses elicited by a stimulus
- 34Operant Behaviorsa response that acts on the environment and is emitted without a stimulus necessarily being present
- 35Operant Conditioningthe process by which an operant response becomes associated with a reinforcement through learning
- 36Shapinga process by which an organism's behavior is gradually molded until it approximates the desired behavior
- 37Discriminationthe ability to tell the difference between stimuli that are and are not reinforced
- 38Satiationentails permitting the behavior to occur until the individual tires of it
- 39Schedule of Reinforcementa program for increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a particular response
- 40Ratio Reinforcementa schedule of reinforcement in which that organism is reinforced after a number of appropriate responses
- 41Punishmentan undesirable consequence that follows a behavior and is designed to stop or change it
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- Psychology FlashCards sobre Chapter 8, criado por Brittany Hester em 04-10-2017.
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- Brittany Hester
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- Criado por Stephanie Sanchez · 29 set 2017
- Copiado por Brittany Hester · 4 out 2017
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