Flashcards
Untitled
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1Define: RehearsalThe active manipulation of information in short-term memory in order to hold it for longer than the usual 18–20 seconds
- 2What is the episodic buffer?An area of working memory that briefly y stores a limited amount of sound-based information from the phonological loop and visual and spatial information from the visuospatial sketchpad with information retrieved from LTM, and integrates it into a single multidimensional representation or ‘episode’
- 3What is the visuospatial sketchpad?The area of working memory that briefly stores the visual and spatial information that is received from sensory memory or LTM
- 4What is the articulatory control system?A subsystem of working memory’s phonological loop that holds the sounds we want to keep or are preparing to speak, in their order, for up to two seconds, by subvocalising them; known as the ‘inner voice’
- 5What is the phonological store?A subsystem of working memory’s phonological loop that holds representations of sounds for up to two seconds; known as the ‘inner ear’
- 6What is the phonological loop?An area of working memory that stores a limited number of sounds (speech-based and acoustic) received from the echoic memory and/or LTM for up to two seconds unless the information is rehearsed
- 7What is working memory?According to Baddeley and Hitch, an active subsystem of STM that temporarily stores and manipulates a limited amount of information needed to perform cognitive tasks
- 8What is long-term memory (LTM)?The third memory system in the multi-store model of memory; used for relatively permanent storage of an unlimited amount of information
- 9What is the primacy effect?The serial position effect where recall is best for the first items on the list, then for items at the end of the list, then for items in the middle of the list
- 10What is the recency effect?The serial-position effect where recall is best for items at the end of a list, then for items at the beginning, then for items in the middle of the list
- 11What is the serial-position effect?A pattern of recall for list items, where recall is better for items at the beginning or end of a list than for items in the middle
- 12WHat is self-referencing?An elaborative rehearsal technique involving linking new information to the self or to personal experience to hold it in short-term memory for longer than the usual 18–20 seconds and to increase its chances of transfer to and retrieval from LTM
- 13What is elaborative rehearsal?The rehearsal technique involving linking new information in some meaningful way with information already stored in LTM, or with other pieces of new information, to hold it in short-term memory for longer than the usual 18–20 seconds
- 14What is maintenance rehearsal?The rehearsal technique involving the repetition of information a number of times so it can be held in short-term memory for longer than the usual 18–20 seconds
- 15Define: MemoryAn active information-processing system that receives, stores, organises and recovers information
- 16Define: ChunkingGrouping separate items of information to form a larger single information unit (chunk) so our short-term memory can hold more than the usual seven single items of information at any given moment
- 17What is the magic number?7 (+ or - 2)
- 18Define: the magic number 7 (+ or – 2)The number of single items of information that the average short-term memory can hold at any one time
- 19What is short-term memory (STM)?The second and most active memory system in the multi-store model of memory; stores a limited amount of information entering from sensory memory or retrieved from LTM for a short period of time unless the information is rehearsed
- 20What is Echoic memory?The subsystem of sensory memory that receives and stores an unlimited amount of auditory information in the form of an echo for up to 3–4 seconds
- 21What is iconic memory?The subsystem of sensory memory that receives and stores an unlimited amount of visual information in the form of a visual image for approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of a second
- 22What is the sensory register?A subsystem of sensory memory that receives and stores specific sensory information received from a sense organ
- 23What is the sensory memory?The first stage of the multi-store model of memory; it receives and stores an unlimited amount of sensory information for up to a few seconds
- 24What is the multi-store model of memory?The memory model that visualises memory as a system consisting of multiple memory stores through which a stream of data flows for processing
- 25Define: RetrievalThe process of locating information stored in memory and bringing it into consciousness when needed, to complete a cognitive task
- 26Define: StorageThe retention of information in the memory system over time
- 27Define: EncodingThe process that converts information into a usable form (code) that can be stored and represented in the memory system
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- Psychology FlashCards sobre Untitled, criado por missmolly27 em 03-06-2013.
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