Flashcards
Topic 3 memory- short term memory
Flashcards do conjunto (23)
- 1What is encoding ?This refers to the input of info into the memory system and how the info is changed so it can be stored. Info can be encoded by all the senses but some common forms of encoding are semantic( based on sound) and visual ( based on pictures)
- 2What is storage?this refers to the retaining of info within the memory system
- 3What are the two aspects of storage?capacity-how much
duration-how long - 4what is capacity ?this is the amount of info that can be held at any one time- it is the size of the memory store
- 5What is duration ?This is the length of time that info can be held before it is lost (by decay)
- 6What is retrieval ?This refers to the recovery of stored information e.g remembering something
- 7What is rehearsal ?The term rehearsal is used to mean repeating things : though it could mean repeating any time of encoded info it usually refers to language e.g repeating words and numbers
- 8What info does short term memory prefer dealing with ?info in terms of sound (acoustic encoding)
- 9What is a large part of rehearsal in STMtalking to yourself
- 10Why is talking to yourself large part of rehearsal in STM?This is largely because we use language to repeat things (our thoughts) to keep information in STM
- 11What did conrad want to find out ?wanted to see how info was being encoded in STM by looking at types of mistakes people made in using STM
- 12What was the method of the conrad study?participants were shown short strings of letters for a very short period of time and then they had to recall the letters immediately
- 13What were the findings of the conrad study?found that participants made mistakes by confusing the way letters sounded rather than the way they looked. Mistakes were acoustic rather than vision suggesting that encoding in STM is largely sound based ( the mistakes in sounds were being made because people were saying the letters to themselves mentally and mixing up the sounds )
- 14Where was the work of conrad later used ?by the post office in generating post codes so that as little confusion as possible would occur when people addressed letters
- 15Identify a strength of the conrad study?controlled study with little confounding variables and results were more reliable
- 16Identify a weakness of the conrad study?low ecological validity
demand characteristics - 17What is the capacity of STM like ?It is very small- only a few items can be held at any one time- with STM the capacity is sometimes referred to as memory span
- 18What did miller want to find out?how much info could be held in STM at one time
- 19What was the method for the miller study ?showed participants briefly a string of letters or numbers which had to be recalled immediately. With each presentation the length of the string would increase- participants had to recall accurately the numbers or letters in exactly the order shown ( what psychologists call serial recall)
- 20What were the findings for the miller study ?found that most participants could only hold between 5 and 9 (7+-2) items in the STM at one time- if the list went beyond 7 most people could no longer do it - Miller referred to this as the magic number 7
- 21What were peterson and peterson trying to find out ?the aim of the investigation was to explore how quickly info is lost in STM when rehearsal is prevented
- 22What was the method for the peterson and peterson study ?participants were given a trigram ( a three constant word such as CTG or BMQ) which they had to recall in order after different time delays (3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds). However they were given a interference task to do in the interval (counting backwards). This procedure was repeated using different trigrams
- 23What were the findings for the peterson and peterson study ?after 3 seconds of counting backwards participants could recall about 80% but after 18 seconds could only recall 10%- concluded that without rehearsal STM not much longer than 18 seconds -decay seems to be a mechanism of forgetting STM
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- A level Psychology FlashCards sobre Topic 3 memory- short term memory , criado por Ella Stokes em 23-11-2018.
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- Ella Stokes
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