Flashcards
Psycho chap11
Flashcards do conjunto (31)
- 1What is memory?it is the ability to retain info over time through 3 processes: encoding, storing, retrieving
- 2What is encoding+ex?-making mental representations of info so that it is placed into our memories
-how we take in info into our memories
ex: have to memorize a set of number that starts with 514=area code of mtl - 3What is storing?placing encoded info into relatively permanent storage for later recall
- 4What is retrieving?-getting or recalling info that has been placed into STM or LTM
-when we need to pull out info from brain - 5Complete the sentence: Memories are not _____ but ______ of the world that ____________ and are subject to _______________-copies
-representations
-vary in accuracy
-error and bias - 6What are the 3 types of memory?sensory, STM, LTM
- 7What is sensory mem+ex-receives and holds environmental info in its raw form for a brief time
-everything coming in via senses
ex: hear music playing in the mall, hear and process info, unless you pay attention to it it will disappear, with attention it will enter STM - 8What is STM?+synonym-can hold limited amount of info: 7 items
for a limited period of time: 2-30sec
-what we selectively pay attention to
-working memory bc it's an active process
-if we get more involved and process further it will go into LTM - 9What is LTM?process of storing almost unlimited amounts of info over long periods of time
- 10Give the example of a lecture-hear what teacher is talking about but if no attention info vanishes, with attention it enters STM
-no attention=not encoded=forgotten
-attention+notes=encoded for STM
-in LTM it's there for a relatively permanent basis
-poor class notes=poor encodng=poor retrieval - 11—A: incoming info
B: sensory mem
/: no attention=forgotten
C: selective attention
D: STM
#: not encoded=forgotten
E: rehearsing
F:encoded for storage
G: LTM - 12What are the 2 memories of sensory memory?Iconic and Echoic
- 13Define each type-Iconic (image): automatically holds visual info for about a quarter of a second, how we see when we blink, when attention shifts info disappears
-echoic (echos of sounds): holds auditory info for 1-2 sec, allows to bring it back - 14Give an ex for echoic memfriend talks to you while you're reading, you respond some time later bc info stayed in echoic mem
- 15Give the characteristics of sensory memory+describe-prevents from being overwhelmed bc it filters out the info received, selective, info you don't attend to vanishes
-gives decision time bc let's you decide if incoming info should be processed further
-provides stability, playback and recognition bc iconic mem makes visual world look continuous (blinking) and you can playback sounds bc of echoic mem, you can also recognize those sounds as words to be able to respond - 16Describe the 2 characteristics of STM-limited duration: 2-30sec, duration is extended with maintenance rehearsal (intentionally repeating info) so that it stays longer
-limited capacity: 7 items, interference happens when new info pushes out old info that's already there - 17How is the pre-frontal cortex involved?when pay attention and use working mem to perform cog tasks max neural activity occurs in various areas of it
- 18What did Rajan Mahadevan do?-recited first 31 811 digits of pi
-could recall digits at any location in the first 10 000
-increased capacity by chunking
ex: 111=nelson bc 1 arm 1 leg 1 eye
312=Chicago bc of area code - 19What is chunking?-combining separate items of info into a larger unit/chunk and then remember chunks instead of individual items
-associations have to make sense to you - 20What are the 6 steps for putting info into LTM?1-sensory mem
2-attention
3-STM
4-encoding
5-LTM
6-retrieving - 21What is the primacy-recency effect?-primacy=first items of a list are better remembered
-recency=last items of a list are better remembered
-info in the middle is forgotten - 22What are the 2 types of LTM?+describe-declarative: facts&events such as scenes, stories, words, convos, faces, daily events
-procedural: memories for motor skills, cog skills, emotional beh, things you know how to do - 23What are the 2 types of declarative mem?+describe-semantic: for facts, concepts, words, def, language rules, what we learn in class
-episodic: for specific events, personal exp or activities like fav restos and movies, your college exp - 24What happened to HM?-memory loss bc of surgery to reduce seizures
-draw a star by guiding his hand through a mirror
-got better with practice but never remembered doing it the day before
had no declarative memory - 25What are the 2 ways to encode+describe-automatic: transfer of info from STM to LTM without any effort and awareness (personal events, interesting facts, skills&habits)
-effortful: transfer of info by working hard to repeat or rehearse or by making associations b/t old and new info, requires concentration&effort, semantic info bc studying - 26What are the 2 methods of effortful encoding?+describe-maintenance reh: repeating or rehearsing the info, memorizing, used for STM, not effective for encoding into LTM
-elaborative reh: using effort to actively make meaningful associations b/t old and new info - 27What is the levels of processing theory?-remembering depends on how info is encoded
-encode by making new associations=deeper level
-encoded by paying attention to basic features=shallow level - 28What is repression and what is it based on?-when the mind pushes a memory of some traumatic event into the subconscious, it may be retrieved when something releases it, defense mechanism for mem that are a threat to your well-being
-based on Freud's theory of repression - 29What is the problem with repressed memories that come back?-may be suggested by the therapist
-clients may wish to believe they were abused to explain their current psychological conditions
-implanting false memories - 30What are the 3 types of unusual memories+describe-photographic: ability to form sharp, detailed visual images after examining a pic for a short time and to recall the entire image at a later date
-eidetic: examine a pic for 10-30 sec and hold a detailed visual image of the material
-flashbulb: vivid recollections in great details of dramatic of emotionally charged incidents that are of interest to the person - 31Are memories perfect pic of things?no, they are personal impressions of these events, can be changed/biased/distorted by a wide range of exp
Informações
- Descrição
- - Psychology FlashCards sobre Psycho chap11, criado por Veronika Sotnikova em 30-11-2018.
- Criado por
- Veronika Sotnikova
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