Flashcards
memory topic 8- forgetting
Flashcards do conjunto (30)
- 1what will influence how information is forgottenwhether the info is in STM or LTM...
-Stm only has limited duration and capacity whereas LTM effectively has a much larger capacity and duration - 2how can forgetting in STM be explainedit can be explained in terms of decay (items are lost due to relatively short duration interval), or displacement (given that STM only has limited capacity some items can displace others
- 3what are the two ways forgetting may occur in LTM-interference from competing information
-memories not being retrieved (retrieval failure) - 4what is "interference from competing information"this is forgetting due to other information interfering with existing memories. Memories should remain over a period of time providing no new information interferes with them. However when new information is introduced, interference can result
- 5what are the two sorts of interferenceinformation is changed by what goes on before or after learning ..
-proactive interference
-retroactive interference - 6what is proactive interferenceworks forwards in time, occurring when information stored previously interferes with an attempt to recall something new, for example the memory of an old phone number disrupts attempts to recall a new phone number
-old info blocks out new info - 7what is retroactive interferenceworks backwards in time, occurring when new information disrupts information stores previously, for example the memory of a new car registration number prevents recall of a previous one
-new info blocks out old info - 8how is interference generally researchedby getting participants to learn 2 list of word pars and after they are memorized participants are given the first word of a pair and asked to recall which words go with it
- 9what is expected from each interference type when recalling the wordswhen proactive interference occurs, participants recall the first list of word pairs, while with retroactive interference the second list of word pairs is recalled
- 10what was the aim of Henk Schmidt et al (2000) research studyassessing the influence of retroactive interference upon the memory of street names learned during childhood
- 11what was the procedure of the Henk Schmidt et al (2000) research study700 names were selected randomly from a database of 1700 former students of a dutch elementary school and were sent a questionnaire. 211 responded, ranging in age from 11 to 79 years and were given a map of the Molenburg neighbourhood (where they had gone to school) with all 48 street names replaced with numbers and asked to remember as many as possible
- 12what other details were collected in the questionnaireother personal details such as how many times they have moved house, where they had lived and for how long and how often they visited Molenberg
- 13how was the amount of retroactive interference experienced assessedit was assesed by the number of times individuals had moved to other neighbourhoods or cities (thus learning new sets of street names). This measurement as very variable
- 14what percentage of people had moved and never moved25% of participants had never moved while one participant had moved 40 times
- 15What were the findings of the Henk Schmidt et al (2000) research studythere was a positive association between the number of times participants had moved house outside the Molenberg neighbourhood and the number of street names forgotten
- 16What was the conclusion of the Henk Schmidt et al (2000) research studyThe findings suggest that learning new patterns of street names when moving house makes recalling an older pattern of street names harder to do
Retroactive interference does seem able to explain forgetting in some real life situations - 17list an issue with the Henk Schmidt et al (2000) research studythose who had played in the neighbourhood or walked to school would probably have learnt street names better than those who didn't play or were drove to school
- 18list an issue with the Henk Schmidt et al (2000) research studyMethodology used shows that it is possible to conduct research on interference in real life settings
-age was a confounding variable - 19What was the method of the research done by Baddeley and Hitch (1977)these researchers asked participants who had played a varying number of rugby union games to remember as many of the teams they had played against as possible.
- 20how was interference theory tested in this researchby assessing how recall was affected by the number of games played, against the amount time had passed between each game played
- 21what were the findings of the baddeley and hitch (1977) research studyit was found that forgetting was due more to the number of games played rather than the time passed between games, supporting interference theory rather than decay theory
- 22outline 3 issues with the baddeley and hitch (1977) research study-cant be generalised a only tested on rugby players
-real life context (ecologically valid)
-asked about rugby games which is a subject of interest so could be a confounding variable - 23what is retrieval failureforgetting occurs because the correct retrieval cues for info are not available and because remembering depends upon having the correct cues present, is also known as cue dependent forgetting ( CDF). remembering the correct info is therefore dependent upon accessing the appropriate retrieval cue under which information is stored
- 24what are the two main forms of CDFcontext dependent failure
state dependent failure - 25when does context dependent failure occurit occurs with external retrieval cues, with forgetting occurring when the external environment is different at recall from how it was at encoding e.g getting fewer marks in a test when sitting the test in a room your not familiar in rather than when sitting the test in your normal classroom
- 26what is Abernethy (1940) research study that supports context dependent failureafter learning some info participants performed less well when tested by an unfamiliar teacher in an unfamiliar room compared with participants who were tested by a familiar teacher and room.
- 27what is the smith (1970) studyparticipants were given a list of 80 words to learn while they were in a distinctive basement. The next day some people were tested in the same room and others in a fifth floor room with different furniture
- 28what were the findings of the smith (1970) studyin basement- average recall 18 words
in fifth floor room -average recall 12 words
people tested in upper room (but imagined they were in basement)- average recall 17 words - 29what was the conclusion of the smith (1970) studythe surroundings are important in helping us to remember information. However imagining you are in the learning situation can also be helpful in recalling information
- 30What is state dependent failurethis occurs with internal retrieval cues, with forgetting occurring when an individual's internal environment is dissimilar at recall to when information was encoded- e.g trying to recall information learned when sober while you are drunk
Informações
- Descrição
- A level Psychology FlashCards sobre memory topic 8- forgetting , criado por Ella Stokes em 10-01-2019.
- Criado por
- Ella Stokes
- Visualizações
- 0
- Avaliação