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Flashcards

Respiratory System

Haley Cordova JT 1 Inglês 76 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (76)

  1. 1What is pulmonary ventilation?Movement of air into and out of lungs
  2. 2What is external (pulmonary) respiration?Exchange of gases between air in lungs and blood in pulmonary capillaries
  3. 3What are the two ways O2 is transported?Bound to hemoglobin
    Dissolved in plasma
  4. 4What are the 3 ways CO2 is transported?As a bicarbonate ion
    Bound to hemoglobin
    Dissolved in plasma
  5. 5What is internal (tissue) respiration?Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells
    (Oxygen diffuses from blood to tissues)
  6. 6What is included in upper respiratory tract?Head and neck
    Nose, nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
  7. 7What is included in lower respiratory tract?Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
  8. 8Where does conducting division end?Bronchi (terminal bronchioles)
  9. 9What are the boundaries of the pharynx?From posterior nasal apertures to beginning of esophagus
  10. 10What is the glottis composed of?True vocal cords
    and
    Rima glottidis (opening)
  11. 11What are the four layers of the trachea?Mucosa
    Submucosa
    Tracheal cartilage
    Adventitia
  12. 12What are the primary bronchi?Main bronchi
  13. 13Secondary bronchi?Lobar bronchi
  14. 14Tertiary bronchi?Segmental bronchi
  15. 15What do the segmental bronchi branch into?Bronchioles
  16. 16What do bronchioles branch into?Terminal bronchioles
  17. 17What does the respiratory division include?Respiratory bronchioles
    Alveolar ducts
    Alveolar sacs
    Alveoli
  18. 18What are the four layers of the trachea? From lumen outwardsMucosa
    Submusoca
    Tracheal cartilage
    Adventitia
  19. 19Where does the respiratory division of the respiratory system begin?Respiratory bronchioles
  20. 20What do respiratory bronchioles branch into?Alveolar ducts
  21. 21What do alveolar ducts give rise to?Alveolar sacs
  22. 22What do alveolar sacs contain?Alveoli
  23. 23What do Type I Alveolar cells do?They are the cells across which gas exchange occurs
    They form the membrane of alveoli
  24. 24What do Type II alveolar cells do?Secrete pulmonary surfactant
  25. 25What is the respiratory membrane composed of?Type I alveolar cell
    Shared basement membrane
    Endothelial cell of pulmonary capillary
  26. 26What is the space between the lungs called?Mediastinum
  27. 27What is inflammation of the pleura called?Pleurisy
  28. 28What enters and exits through the hilum of the lungs?Bronchi
    Pulmonary blood vessels
    Lymphatic vessels
    Nerves
  29. 29What is Boyle's Law?Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
  30. 30What is atmospheric pressure?Pressure exerted by air molecules outside the body
    ~760mmHg
  31. 31What is intrapulmonary pressure?Pressure of air in the alveoli
  32. 32What is intrapleural pressure?Pressure within the pleural cavity
  33. 33What is transpulmonary pressure?Difference between intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures
    Pressure across the wall of the lung
  34. 34What is the name for lung collapse?Atelectasis
  35. 35What can cause atelectasis?Pneumothorax (air in pleural cavity)
    Hemothorax (blood in pleural cavity)
  36. 36What is eupnea?Normal quiet breathing
  37. 37ApneaTemporary cessation of breathing
  38. 38DyspneaPainful or labored breathing
  39. 39TachypneaRapid breathing
  40. 40Kussmaul breathingdeep, rapid breathing caused by acidosis
  41. 41What is compliance?Expandability of the lungs
  42. 42Tidal volumeVolume of air entering or leaving lungs in one breath under resting conditions
  43. 43Inspiratory Reserve VolumeVolume of air maximally inspired over and above resting tidal volume
  44. 44Expiratory Reserve Volumevolume of air maximally expired after exhaling resting tidal volume
  45. 45Residual volumeVolume of air left in lungs after maximal expiration
  46. 46Total Lung CapacityMaximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximal inspiratory effort
  47. 47Formula for Total Lung Capacity (TLC)RV + ERV+ TV +IRV
  48. 48Vital CapacityMaximum amount of air that can be moved in and out of lungs with a maximal inspiration and maximal expiration
  49. 49Formula for Vital CapacityERV + TV + IRV
  50. 50What is anatomical dead space?Volume of air in conducting airways
    NOT AVAILABLE for gas exchange because it never reaches the alveoli
  51. 51What is minute ventilation?volume of air breathed in in one minute
  52. 52What is alveolar ventilation?Volume of air reaching the alveoli in one minute
    Volume of air available for gas exchange in one minute
  53. 53Formula for alveolar ventilation(TV - Anatomical dead space) x RR
  54. 54What is partial pressure?Measure of concentration of a gas
  55. 55What is Dalton's Law?Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted individually by each gas
  56. 56Why does alveolar air have less O2 and more CO2 than inspired air?The oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out
  57. 57Why does expired air have more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than alveolar air?It is mixed with anatomical dead space air which is oxygen rich
  58. 58If the O2-Hb curve shifts down and to the right...Hb binds O2 LESS TIGHTLY
    (Will let go of it more easily)
  59. 59Which was does acid shift the O2-Hb curve?Down and to the right
  60. 60Which way does high temperature shift the O2-Hb curve?Down and to the right
  61. 61The fetal O2-Hb curve is shifted -Up and to the left
    O2 binds more tightly which helps transfer oxygen from the mother's blood to the fetus
  62. 62What is hypoxia?Deficiency of oxygen in the tissues
  63. 63What percent of CO2 is dissolved in plasma?7%
  64. 64What percent of CO2 is combined with hemoglobin?23%
  65. 65What percent of CO2 dissociates into bicarbonate ion?70%
  66. 66What does carbonic anhydrase do?Converts CO2+H2O to H2CO3
  67. 67Where is the respiratory center located?Medulla oblongata and pons
  68. 68Where are central chemoreceptors located?Medulla oblongata
  69. 69What do central chemoreceptors do?Sense partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion in CSF
  70. 70Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?Aortic and carotid bodies
  71. 71What do peripheral chemoreceptors do?Sense PCO2 and H+ in arterial blood
  72. 72How do proprioceptors affect breathing?Sense movement of muscles which stimulates inspiration
  73. 73How do stretch receptors affect respiration?Sense OVERinflation of lungs and STOP inspiration to prevent excessive inflation
  74. 74What reflex do stretch receptors initiate?Stretch reflex or Hering-Breuer reflex
  75. 75How do irritant receptors work?Stimulated by particulates in the airways, trigger coughing, breath-holding, bronchoconstriction and shallow breathing
  76. 76Why do smokers feel winded during exercise?Nicotine constricts the terminal bronchioles which decreases airflow

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1 JT FlashCards sobre Respiratory System, criado por Haley Cordova em 16-04-2015.
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Haley Cordova
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