Flashcards
Learning Test Cue Cards
Flashcards do conjunto (9)
- 1What is positive reinforcement?Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a pleasant stimulus in order to increase the frequency of a behaviour.
- 2What is negative reinforcement?Negative reinforcement is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus in order to increase the frequency of a behaviour.
- 3Describe punishment.Giving an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of a behaviour.
- 4Describe systematic desensitisation.An individual would be taught deep breathing exercises by a trained therapist. Then a graded stimulus hierarchy would be developed from least feared (eg. standing on a chair) to most feared (eg. rock climbing). The individual would gradually be exposed to their fear and asked to use the deep breathing exercises with the aim to replace the fear with relaxation.
- 5Explain the importance of contiguity.During the acquisition phase it is contingent (dependant) on the neutral stimulus being presented close together in time to the unconditioned stimulus in order for conditioning and the performance phase to occur.
- 6Explain biological preparedness.Humans have a biological predisposition to be be afraid of... and not... This is an example of biological preparedness. It is more likely to associate fear with... compared to...
- 7How do you successfully modify habits?Firstly establish a baseline level to determine how often the individual is... A realistic goal should be set... The... should be made into a discrimination stimulus (avoid other distractions). Start... for brief periods and gradually increase time spent. A positive reinforcement (reward) should be established for these periods. Eventually the reward should be
- 8Describe operant conditioning and observational learning.Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behaviour of others. Operant condition is learning that occurs through the use rewards and punishments for behaviour.
- 9Describe the differences between operant conditioning and observational learning.During observational learning, one learns by watching how others behaviour is reinforced or punished, not one’s own behaviour. Operant conditioning, on the other hand, is learning directly from one’s own experience.
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- IDK Psychology FlashCards sobre Learning Test Cue Cards, criado por Jordan Czyzowski em 16-03-2021.
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- Jordan Czyzowski
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