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Flashcards

Personality

K M Psychology College Inglês 40 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (40)

  1. 1PersonalityAn individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
  2. 2personality theoryA theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
  3. 3psychoanalysisFreud's theory of personality emphasizing unconcious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the effect of early childhood experiences on later personality development
  4. 4free associationA psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images that arise, revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions
  5. 5unconsciousIn Freud's theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness
  6. 6idIn Freud's theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives
  7. 7pleasure principleThe motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort; the most fundamental human motive and the guiding principle of the id
  8. 8egoIn Freud's theory, the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior, and is most in touch with the demands of the external world
  9. 9reality principleThe capacity to accomodate external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist
  10. 10superegoIn Freud's theory, the partly conscious, self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules
  11. 11ego defense mechanismslargely conscious distortions of thoughts or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety
  12. 12repression (in psychoanalytic theory of personality and psychotherapy)The unconscious exclusion of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness; the most fundamental ego defense mechanism
  13. 13displacementThe ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous
  14. 14psychosexual stagesIn Freud's theory, age-related developmental periods in which the child's sexual urges are focused on different body areas and are expressed through the activities associated with those areas
  15. 15Oedipus complexIn Freud's theory, a child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings toward the same-sex parent
  16. 16identificationIn psychoanalytic theory, an ego defense defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics or another person
  17. 17collective unconsciousIn Jung's theory, the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas
  18. 18humanistic psychologyThe theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development
  19. 19actualizing tendencyIn Rogers's theory, the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism
  20. 20self-conceptThe set of perceptions and beliefs that you hold about yourself
  21. 21conditional positive regardIn Rogers's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others; conditional love or acceptance
  22. 22unconditional positive regardIn Rogers's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved even if you don't conform to the standards and expectations of others; unconditional love or acceptance
  23. 23social cognitive theoryBandura's theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism
  24. 24reciprocal determinismA model proposed by Bandura that explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors
  25. 25self-efficacyThe beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation; feelings of self-confidence
  26. 26traitA relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way
  27. 27trait theoryA theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions
  28. 28surface traitsPersonality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior
  29. 29source traitsThe most fundamental dimensions of personality; the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number
  30. 30five-factor model of personalityA trait theory of personality that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience as the fundamental building blocks of personality
  31. 31behavioral geneticsAn interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior
  32. 32psychological testA test that assesses a person's abilities, aptitudes, interests, or personality on the basis of a systematically obtained sample of behavior
  33. 33projective testA type of personality test that involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image; used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits
  34. 34Rorschach Inkblot TestA projective test using inkblots, developed by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach in 1921
  35. 35Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)A projective personality test, developed by Henry Murray and colleagues, that involves creating stories about ambiguous scenes
  36. 36graphologyA pseudosience that claims to assess personality, social, and occupational attributes based on a person's distinctive handwriting, doodles, and drawing style
  37. 37self-report inventoryA type of psychological test in which a person's responses to a standardized questions are compared to established norms
  38. 38Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics and psychological disorders; used to assess both normal and disturbed populations
  39. 39California Psychological Inventory (CPI)A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics in normal populations
  40. 40possible selvesThe aspect of the self-concept that includes images of the sales that you hope, fear, or expect to become in the future

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College Psychology FlashCards sobre Personality, criado por K M em 28-10-2021.
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K M
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