Flashcards
Escape, avoidance and punishment
Flashcards do conjunto (11)
- 1Escape behaviour is....a behaviour that terminates an aversive stimulus.
- 2Avoidance behaviour is....a behaviour that prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring.
- 3Typically, which order do escape and avoidance behaviours occur in?One first learns to escape from a stimulus, then learns to avoid it.
- 4Describe the role of escape and avoidance in the shuttle avoidance procedure.The rat first learns to escape from the shock, with the shock acting as the sD. Later, the rat learns to avoid the shock, with the light acting as the sD.
- 5Describe Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance.Avoidance behaviour is the result of 2 distinct processes;
1- Classical conditioning of a fear response.
2- Operant conditioning in which an avoidance response is negatively reinforced by a reduction in fear. - 6With the two-process theory of avoidance, why is it an issue if avoidance behaviour is not extinguished even after hundreds of trails with the absence of the US?If the organism repeatedly encounters the CS without the US, the fear of the CS should eventually extinguish.
- 7What does the anxiety conservation hypothesis suggest?Avoidance responses usually occur so quickly that exposure to the CS is too brief for extinction to take place.
- 8How did Levis contend the criticism of Mowrer that after sufficient experience with avoiding the aversive CS the animals no longer show any fear?Such animals are still slightly fearful, otherwise the avoidance response would extinguish.
- 9According to the one-process theory of avoidance, how is the avoidance response reinforced?The avoidance response is negatively reinforced by a reduction in the overall rate of aversive stimulus, rather than the reduction of fear.
- 10According to species-specific defense reaction theory, avoidance responses are often....innate reactions to aversive stimulation that are automatically elicited in dangerous situations.
- 11What are Mineka's limitations of applying experimental models of avoidance to human phobias?1- In experimental avoidance conditioning, animals avoids US, in human phobias, people avoid the CS.
2- Avoidance behaviour in an experiment conditions less readily than does avoidance behaivour in phobias.
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- Descrição
- Psychology FlashCards sobre Escape, avoidance and punishment, criado por Craig Wilkinson em 08-05-2017.
- Criado por
- Craig Wilkinson
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