Flashcards
Forgetting
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1Consolidation TheoryPerserveration occurs after rehearsal. The longer this occurs for, the more consolidated the memory trace.
- 2Ebbinghaus (1885)Supports Consolidation Theory. Found that the rate of forgetting is slowed down when a period of sleep occurs between study and test.
- 3Jenkins & Dallenbach (1924)Supports Consolidation Theory. More items recalled after sleep than wakefulness.
- 4Quartermain et al. (1972)Opposed Consolidation Theory. Memory test 24/48/72 after electric shock. Retrograde amnesia after 24/48 hours but not 72. Information was stored but not retrieved.
- 5Miller & Springer (1972)Control group who did not receive a second shock as a reminder, had amnesia. The experimental group did not. Suggests that memory is stored but unavailable.
- 6Interference Theory (McGeoch, 1932)Retrieval failures occur because unwanted memories are retrieved instead of desired memory. 3 mechanisms cause interference: context dependent memory, response competition, set.
- 7Slamecka (1968)Group 1 given blank answer sheet. Group 2 given answer sheet partially filled in. Group 2 recalled fewer items. Cues interfere with retrieval.
- 8Postman (1960)Participants only given one list of words had better recall than those given two lists of words as their memory had not been interfered with. Interference can cause forgetting.
- 9Melton & Irwin (1940)Argue that response competition does not occur. They found that participants unlearned A-B material during the interpolated learning.
- 10Abernathy (1940)Demonstrated that students who were tested in a different they were taught in did better than students who were taught in did better than students who were taught in a different classroom.
- 11Anderson (2003)Opposes Interference Theory. Forgetting not passive side effect of storing new memories. Results from inhibitory control mechanisms. Override responses from existing memories so new memories can be stored. Interference occurs in retrieval, not between storage and retrieval.
- 12Capaldi & Neath (1995)Learn material and associate with internal and external.
- 13Tulving (1974)Information would be more readily available if cues present were available when retrieval is necessary.
- 14Retrieval Failure TheoryInformation is stored in the long term memory but cannot be accessed because of a lack of retrieval cues.
- 15Trace Decay TheoryForgetting occurs due to the length of time between learning and recall. The events that occur between learning and recall do not influence trace decay as much as the length of time between learning and recall.
- 16Brown (1958)Studied in the UK. Forgetting from the short-term memory is a result of decay over time.
- 17Peterson & Peterson (1959)Studied the US. Forgetting from the short-term memory is a result of decay over time.
- 18Sperling (1960)Information is lost from sensory memory through decay.
- 19Muller & Pilzecker (1900)Argued that learning is not complete at the time that practice and rehearsal ends. Proposed the concept of perseveration.
- 20Chorover & Schiller (1965)Shocked rats who jumped off a platform. Found that consolidation is complete within 10 seconds.
- 21Brown-Peterson ParadigmSubjects are given three letters and are then asked to count backwards for a specified amount of time. After 20 seconds of counting backwards, few people can recall the letters.
- 22Underwood (1957)Found that proactive interference could operate in the Brown-Peterson paradigm because of the consonant trigrams on all of the trials were very similar.
Informações
- Descrição
- Degree Psychology FlashCards sobre Forgetting, criado por Rebecca Maclean em 15-05-2017.
- Criado por
- Rebecca Maclean
- Visualizações
- 0
- Avaliação