Memory 2

Memory 2

1. Working Memory Model

   • Central Executive
     • Attentional
     • Data/decisions/tasks
     • Limited processing capacity
   • STM
     • Organised
     • Functions
   • Phonological Loop
     • Auditory
       • Order
     • Phonological Store
       • What hear
     • Articulatory Process
       • Maintenance rehearsal
       • 2 secs what see
   • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
     • 3/4 objects
     • Visual Cache
       • Visual
     • Inner Scribe
       • Arrangement objects in vision
   • Episodic Buffer
     • Temporary
     • Time-sequencing
     • 4 chunks
     • Links to LTM & perception
   • Evaluation
     • KF
       • Bad verbal STM
         • Fine visual
           • Phon loop damaged
             • Separate vis & ac stores
               • Can't generalise
     • 2 vis harder than 1 vis, 1 verb
       • 2 vis - compete
     • Lack explanation for CE
       • Important, don't understand
         • Separate components?
     • Braver
       • CE tasks while scanning
         • Inc activity in prefrontal cortex
           • Activity inc as task harder

2. Interference

   • Conflicting info
     • Forgetting/ distortion
       • Can't access
   • Proactive
     • Older interfere w/ newer
   • Retroactive
     • Newer interfere w/ older
   • Effects of Similarity
     • List then new list
       • Synonyms, antonyms, unrelated, nonsense, 3-digit no.'s, no list
     • Most similar
       • Worst recall
         • More interference
   • Evaluation
     • Lots evidence
       • Consistent
         • Interference likely
           • Valid explanation
     • More chance in lab
       • Not like real life (meaning)
         • Not everyday life
     • Rugby players
       • Teams played
         • Not how long, how many
           • Real life
     • Studies
       • Time between learn & recall short
         • Real life lots years
           • Rehearsal

3. Retrieval

   • Encoding Specificity Principle
     • Cue at encoding & retrieval
       • Diff/not then forget
         • Retrieval failure
   • Context (External)
     • Divers
       • Land/water
       • Water/land
       • Land/land
       • Water/water
     • Recall 40% lower in non-matching
       • Cues diff
   • State (Internal)
     • Anti-histamines
       • Drug/drug
       • Not/not
       • Drug/not
       • Not/drug
     • Worse when state diff
       • Absent cues
   • Evaluation
     • Research support
       • Main reason LTM forget
         • Real-life
           • Inc validity
     • Baddeley
       • Context extremely diff
         • Rooms not much
           • Don't explain much
     • G & B
       • Recognising word
         • No diff in performance
           • Cues only if test certain way